Table of Contents

Component Description

Estimate the prevalence and determinants of oral HPV infection in the United States population. Oral HPV infection is newly appreciated as a strong risk factor for a distinct type of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that is rising in incidence in the United States. It has been estimated that oral HPV16 infection confers an approximate 15-fold increase in risk for oropharyngeal cancer. Despite these strong risks, little is known about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection. No population-based surveys of oral HPV infection, type distribution and determinants have been performed in any population worldwide.

Eligible Sample

Examined participants, aged 14-69 years, were tested. The public data file includes data for persons 18-69 years of age. Please see Analytic Notes about the release of data for adolescents 14-17 years of age.

Description of Laboratory Methodology

Oral rinse specimens were processed, stored and shipped to the Ohio State University Gillison Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio. Detailed specimen collection and processing instructions are discussed in the NHANES Laboratory/Medical Technologists Procedures Manual (LPM).

Samples will be centrifuged at 4,000 x g for 10 minutes at 4°C, the pellet will be resuspended in 1 ml of Puregene cell lysis solution and incubated at 37°C for 15 min followed by DNase-free RNase A (5µg/ml) digestion for 30 min at 37°C. Proteinase K (20 mg/ml) digestion will be performed overnight at 55°C followed by heat inactivation for 10 min at 95°C. Protein precipitation solution (340 µL) will be added and sample will be further purified according to the Puregene DNA purification kit protocol.

Purified DNA will be analyzed for 37 types of HPV by means of a multiplex polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay targeted to the conserved L1 region of the viral genome, using PGYM09/11 primer pools and primers for ß-globin (33). PCR products will be denatured in 0.13 N NaOH and hybridized to an immobilized HPV probe array (Roche Diagnostics) using an extended line-blot assay for genotyping of 37 HPV types, including HPV-6, -11, -16, -18, -26, -31, -33, -35, -39, -40, -42, -45, -51, -52, -53, -54, -55, -56, -57, -58, -59, -61, -62, -64, -66, -67, -68, -69, -70, -71, -72, -73, -81, -82 (MM4 and IS39 subtypes), -83, -84 and -89, and ß-globin (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Alameda, CA). Positive controls, consisting of 10 and 100 HPV-16 (SiHa) or HPV-18 (C4–2)-positive cells diluted in a background of HPV-negative cells (K562), and a negative control (K562 cells), in addition to the manufacturer’s controls, are included in each experiment. Samples positive for ß-globin will be considered of sufficient quality for analysis. The HPV type will be reported for positive samples.

Data Processing and Editing

Read the General Documentation on Laboratory Data file for detailed data processing and editing protocols.

Laboratory Quality Assurance and Monitoring

The NHANES quality control and quality assurance protocols (QA/QC) meet the 1988 Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act mandates. Detailed QA/QC instructions are discussed in the NHANES Laboratory/Medical Technologists Procedures Manual (LPM). Read the General Documentation on Laboratory Data file for detailed QA/QC protocols.

Analytic Notes

The analysis of NHANES laboratory data must be conducted with the key survey design and basic demographic variables. The NHANES Household Questionnaire Data Files contain demographic data, health indicators, and other related information collected during household interviews. They also contain all survey design variables and sample weights for these age groups. The phlebotomy file includes auxiliary information, such as the conditions precluding venipuncture. The household questionnaire and phlebotomy files may be linked to the laboratory data file using the unique survey participant identifier SEQN.

Exam sample weights should be used for analyses. Please refer to the NHANES Analytic Guidelines and the on-line NHANES Tutorial  for further details on the use of sample weights and other analytic issues.

The public release data file includes Oral HPV data for participants aged 18–69. Data for youth aged 14–17 years are available through the NCHS Research Data Center (RDC).

Codebook and Frequencies

SEQN - Respondent sequence number

Variable Name:
SEQN
SAS Label:
Respondent sequence number
English Text:
Respondent sequence number.
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS

ORXGH - HPV High Globulin Band result

Variable Name:
ORXGH
SAS Label:
HPV High Globulin Band result
English Text:
HPV High Globulin Band result
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 656 656
2 Negative 0 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXGL - HPV Low Globulin Band result

Variable Name:
ORXGL
SAS Label:
HPV Low Globulin Band result
English Text:
HPV Low Globulin Band result
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 656 656
2 Negative 0 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH06 - HPV Type 6

Variable Name:
ORXH06
SAS Label:
HPV Type 6
English Text:
HPV Type 6
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 1 1
2 Negative 655 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH11 - HPV Type 11

Variable Name:
ORXH11
SAS Label:
HPV Type 11
English Text:
HPV Type 11
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH16 - HPV Type 16

Variable Name:
ORXH16
SAS Label:
HPV Type 16
English Text:
HPV Type 16
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 1 1
2 Negative 655 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH18 - HPV Type 18

Variable Name:
ORXH18
SAS Label:
HPV Type 18
English Text:
HPV Type 18
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH26 - HPV Type 26

Variable Name:
ORXH26
SAS Label:
HPV Type 26
English Text:
HPV Type 26
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH31 - HPV Type 31

Variable Name:
ORXH31
SAS Label:
HPV Type 31
English Text:
HPV Type 31
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH33 - HPV Type 33

Variable Name:
ORXH33
SAS Label:
HPV Type 33
English Text:
HPV Type 33
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH35 - HPV Type 35

Variable Name:
ORXH35
SAS Label:
HPV Type 35
English Text:
HPV Type 35
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH39 - HPV Type 39

Variable Name:
ORXH39
SAS Label:
HPV Type 39
English Text:
HPV Type 39
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 1 1
2 Negative 655 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH40 - HPV Type 40

Variable Name:
ORXH40
SAS Label:
HPV Type 40
English Text:
HPV Type 40
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH42 - HPV Type 42

Variable Name:
ORXH42
SAS Label:
HPV Type 42
English Text:
HPV Type 42
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH45 - HPV Type 45

Variable Name:
ORXH45
SAS Label:
HPV Type 45
English Text:
HPV Type 45
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 1 1
2 Negative 655 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH51 - HPV Type 51

Variable Name:
ORXH51
SAS Label:
HPV Type 51
English Text:
HPV Type 51
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 1 1
2 Negative 655 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH52 - HPV Type 52

Variable Name:
ORXH52
SAS Label:
HPV Type 52
English Text:
HPV Type 52
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH53 - HPV Type 53

Variable Name:
ORXH53
SAS Label:
HPV Type 53
English Text:
HPV Type 53
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH54 - HPV Type 54

Variable Name:
ORXH54
SAS Label:
HPV Type 54
English Text:
HPV Type 54
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH55 - HPV Type 55

Variable Name:
ORXH55
SAS Label:
HPV Type 55
English Text:
HPV Type 55
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 5 5
2 Negative 651 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH56 - HPV Type 56

Variable Name:
ORXH56
SAS Label:
HPV Type 56
English Text:
HPV Type 56
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH58 - HPV Type 58

Variable Name:
ORXH58
SAS Label:
HPV Type 58
English Text:
HPV Type 58
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH59 - HPV Type 59

Variable Name:
ORXH59
SAS Label:
HPV Type 59
English Text:
HPV Type 59
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 1 1
2 Negative 655 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH61 - HPV Type 61

Variable Name:
ORXH61
SAS Label:
HPV Type 61
English Text:
HPV Type 61
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH62 - HPV Type 62

Variable Name:
ORXH62
SAS Label:
HPV Type 62
English Text:
HPV Type 62
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH64 - HPV Type 64

Variable Name:
ORXH64
SAS Label:
HPV Type 64
English Text:
HPV Type 64
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH66 - HPV Type 66

Variable Name:
ORXH66
SAS Label:
HPV Type 66
English Text:
HPV Type 66
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH67 - HPV Type 67

Variable Name:
ORXH67
SAS Label:
HPV Type 67
English Text:
HPV Type 67
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH68 - HPV Type 68

Variable Name:
ORXH68
SAS Label:
HPV Type 68
English Text:
HPV Type 68
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH69 - HPV Type 69

Variable Name:
ORXH69
SAS Label:
HPV Type 69
English Text:
HPV Type 69
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH70 - HPV Type 70

Variable Name:
ORXH70
SAS Label:
HPV Type 70
English Text:
HPV Type 70
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH71 - HPV Type 71

Variable Name:
ORXH71
SAS Label:
HPV Type 71
English Text:
HPV Type 71
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH72 - HPV Type 72

Variable Name:
ORXH72
SAS Label:
HPV Type 72
English Text:
HPV Type 72
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 2 2
2 Negative 654 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH73 - HPV Type 73

Variable Name:
ORXH73
SAS Label:
HPV Type 73
English Text:
HPV Type 73
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH81 - HPV Type 81

Variable Name:
ORXH81
SAS Label:
HPV Type 81
English Text:
HPV Type 81
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH82 - HPV Type 82

Variable Name:
ORXH82
SAS Label:
HPV Type 82
English Text:
HPV Type 82
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH83 - HPV Type 83

Variable Name:
ORXH83
SAS Label:
HPV Type 83
English Text:
HPV Type 83
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXH84 - HPV Type 84

Variable Name:
ORXH84
SAS Label:
HPV Type 84
English Text:
HPV Type 84
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 2 2
2 Negative 654 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXHPC - HPV CP 6108

Variable Name:
ORXHPC
SAS Label:
HPV CP 6108
English Text:
HPV CP 6108
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 1 1
2 Negative 655 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXHPI - HPV Type IS39

Variable Name:
ORXHPI
SAS Label:
HPV Type IS39
English Text:
HPV Type IS39
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 0 0
2 Negative 656 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685

ORXHPV - Oral HPV Result

Variable Name:
ORXHPV
SAS Label:
Oral HPV Result
English Text:
Oral HPV Result
Target:
Both males and females 14 YEARS - 17 YEARS
Hard Edits:
to
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Positive 16 16
2 Negative 640 656
3 Not evaluated 29 685
. Missing 0 685