National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2009-2010 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies

Mental Health - Depression Screener (DPQ_F)

Data File: DPQ_F.xpt

First Published: September 2011

Last Revised: NA

Component Description

Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a nine-item screening instrument that asks questions about the frequency of symptoms of depression over the past 2 weeks. A final follow-up question assesses the overall impairment of the depressive symptoms. Response categories "not at all," "several days," "more than half the days" and "nearly every day" were given a score ranging from 0 to 3. A total score was calculated ranging from 0 to 27. A score of 10 or higher has been well validated and is commonly used in clinical studies to define depression. Other methods for defining depression based on this instrument are also used.

Eligible Sample

Mobile Examination Center (MEC) participants 12 years and older were eligible. No proxies were permitted to answer these questions. Only data from participants aged 18 years and older are included in this data file.

Interview Setting and Mode of Administration

These questions were asked by trained interviewers in Spanish or English using the Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) system during the MEC private interview.

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

The CAPI system is programmed with built-in consistency checks to reduce data entry errors. CAPI also uses online help screens to assist interviewers in defining key terms used in the questionnaire.

Approximately 5% of the interviews were recorded and reviewed for quality control purposes.

Data Processing and Editing

Edits were made to ensure the completeness, consistency and analytic usefulness of the data.

Analytic Notes

Depression and depression severity have been defined using various methods in the scientific literature. Researchers may want to pay special attention to records with item non-response (questions that have missing, “don’t know” or “refusal” responses) in deriving a score or severity measure.

MEC exam sample weights should be used for the analyses.

Please refer to the NHANES Analytic Guidelines and the on-line NHANES Tutorial for further details on the use of sample weights and other analytic issues.

A special use DPQ data file, for participants 12-17 years, is available through the NCHS Research Data Center (RDC ).

References

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, William JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001; 16: 1606-13.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL. The PHQ-9: a new depression and diagnostic severity measure. Psych Annals 2002; 32:509-21.
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self-report version of Prime MD: the PHQ primary care study. JAMA 1999; 282: 1737-44.

Codebook and Frequencies

SEQN - Respondent sequence number

Variable Name:: SEQN
SAS Label:: Respondent sequence number
English Text:: Respondent sequence number.
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

DPQ010 - Have little interest in doing things

Variable Name:: DPQ010
SAS Label:: Have little interest in doing things
English Text:: Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems: little interest or pleasure in doing things? Would you say...
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	4099	4099
1	Several days	990	5089
2	More than half the days	257	5346
3	Nearly every day	221	5567
7	Refused	1	5568
9	Don't know	11	5579
.	Missing	781	6360

DPQ020 - Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless

Variable Name:: DPQ020
SAS Label:: Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	4163	4163
1	Several days	957	5120
2	More than half the days	234	5354
3	Nearly every day	216	5570
7	Refused	1	5571
9	Don't know	8	5579
.	Missing	781	6360

DPQ030 - Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much

Variable Name:: DPQ030
SAS Label:: Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	3384	3384
1	Several days	1241	4625
2	More than half the days	404	5029
3	Nearly every day	543	5572
7	Refused	1	5573
9	Don't know	6	5579
.	Missing	781	6360

DPQ040 - Feeling tired or having little energy

Variable Name:: DPQ040
SAS Label:: Feeling tired or having little energy
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] feeling tired or having little energy?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	2869	2869
1	Several days	1779	4648
2	More than half the days	426	5074
3	Nearly every day	495	5569
7	Refused	1	5570
9	Don't know	8	5578
.	Missing	782	6360

DPQ050 - Poor appetite or overeating

Variable Name:: DPQ050
SAS Label:: Poor appetite or overeating
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] poor appetite or overeating?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	4125	4125
1	Several days	915	5040
2	More than half the days	274	5314
3	Nearly every day	257	5571
7	Refused	1	5572
9	Don't know	6	5578
.	Missing	782	6360

DPQ060 - Feeling bad about yourself

Variable Name:: DPQ060
SAS Label:: Feeling bad about yourself
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] feeling bad about yourself - or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	4568	4568
1	Several days	674	5242
2	More than half the days	159	5401
3	Nearly every day	163	5564
7	Refused	1	5565
9	Don't know	13	5578
.	Missing	782	6360

DPQ070 - Trouble concentrating on things

Variable Name:: DPQ070
SAS Label:: Trouble concentrating on things
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching TV?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	4564	4564
1	Several days	663	5227
2	More than half the days	154	5381
3	Nearly every day	187	5568
7	Refused	1	5569
9	Don't know	8	5577
.	Missing	783	6360

DPQ080 - Moving or speaking slowly or too fast

Variable Name:: DPQ080
SAS Label:: Moving or speaking slowly or too fast
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed? Or the opposite - being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	4880	4880
1	Several days	460	5340
2	More than half the days	125	5465
3	Nearly every day	100	5565
7	Refused	1	5566
9	Don't know	11	5577
.	Missing	783	6360

DPQ090 - Thought you would be better off dead

Variable Name:: DPQ090
SAS Label:: Thought you would be better off dead
English Text:: Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems: Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way?
English Instructions:: HAND CARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	5360	5360
1	Several days	143	5503
2	More than half the days	26	5529
3	Nearly every day	33	5562
7	Refused	2	5564
9	Don't know	12	5576
.	Missing	784	6360

DPQ100 - Difficulty these problems have caused

Variable Name:: DPQ100
SAS Label:: Difficulty these problems have caused
English Text:: How difficult have these problems made it for you to do your work, take care of things at home, or get along with people?
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all difficult,	2636	2636
1	Somewhat difficult,	915	3551
2	Very difficult,	140	3691
3	Extremely difficult	51	3742
7	Refused	0	3742
9	Don't know	5	3747
.	Missing	2613	6360

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