Table of Contents

Component Description

The objective of the dietary interview component is to obtain detailed dietary intake information from NHANES participants. The dietary intake data are used to estimate the types and amounts of foods and beverages (including all types of water) consumed during the 24-hour period prior to the interview (midnight to midnight), and to estimate intakes of energy, nutrients, and other food components from those foods and beverages. Following the dietary recall, participants are asked questions on salt use, whether the person’s overall intake on the previous day was much more than usual, usual or much less than usual, and whether the respondent is on any type of special diet. Questions on frequency of fish and shellfish consumed during the past 30 days were asked of survey participants 1 year or older, with the use of proxies for young children (see the MEC In-Person Dietary Interviewers Procedures Manual for more information on the proxy interview).

The dietary interview component, called What We Eat in America (WWEIA), is conducted as a partnership between the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Under this partnership, DHHS' National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is responsible for the survey sample design and all aspects of data collection and USDA’s Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) is responsible for the dietary data collection methodology, maintenance of the databases used to code and process the data, and data review and processing.

All NHANES participant are eligible for two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. The first dietary recall interview is collected in-person in the Mobile Examination Center (MEC) and the second interview is collected by telephone 3 to 10 days later.

As in previous years, two types of dietary intake data are available for the 2011-2012 survey cycle: Individual Foods files and Total Nutrient Intakes files.

What's New with the 2011-2012 WWEIA Release:

In the Individual Foods files, the range of response options regarding the source from which each food/beverage was obtained (e.g., from a store, fast food restaurant, cafeteria, etc.) has been expanded. The former “store” code has been divided into three separate codes to specify whether the source was a grocery store/supermarket, a convenience store, or store—no additional information.

Appendix 1 provides a summary of changes among the 5 latest cycles of data collection.

New additions for analyzing WWEIA data include:

Expanded documentation on Combination codes.

The What We Eat in America Food Categories, available on the FSRG website (www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg), are a new grouping scheme that combines foods and beverages together that have similar usage and nutrient content with the emphasis on how they are commonly consumed in the American diet. There are approximately 150 unique categories and each is assigned a 4-digit number and description. The WWEIA Food Categories contain discrete food items and are not disaggregated (e.g., pizza vs. grain, cheese, tomatoes, etc.). Designed to be flexible, the categories can be combined as needed to address specific research questions. A new version of the WWEIA Food Categories is produced for each 2-year release cycle of WWEIA, NHANES.

Distinguishing Between Foods/Beverages and Dietary Supplements in NHANES

The 24-hour dietary supplement use component is administered after the 24-hour dietary recall. All NHANES participants responding to the 24-hour dietary recall interview are eligible for the dietary supplement and non-prescription antacid use questions. Information is obtained on all vitamins, minerals, herbals, and other dietary supplements as well as non-prescription antacids that were consumed during a 24-hour time period (midnight to midnight), including the name and the amount of supplement or antacid taken.

Distinguishing between foods/beverages and supplements can be challenging. NCHS and FSRG review questionable items reported in the dietary supplement and dietary recall components to resolve disposition of these items into the appropriate component. Products that are labeled as a dietary supplement, that have a supplement facts panel on the label, and are in tablets, capsules, softgels, gelcaps, or other pill forms, are considered dietary supplements. Items that are powders or liquids can be hard to distinguish. General guidelines used state that if powders and liquid concentrates have product directions stating that they be added to a liquid, they are classified as beverages. Examples are teas and protein powders. An exception is made for fiber products, which are classified as dietary supplements. Along this same guideline, energy drinks are considered beverages, but “energy shot” type products are considered dietary supplements.

It is best to refer to the two databases that detail every food/beverage and dietary supplement reported in NHANES to identify exact determination used. The databases are:

Dietary Interview Data Files: Four data files were produced from the information collected in the dietary interviews: two Individual Foods files and two Total Nutrient Intakes files. Each file includes one day of intake data. The number “1” or “2” in the file name identifies the day (and mode) of the interview: 1 = first day (in-person), 2 = second day (phone). File names are as follows:

  • File Names for Dietary Interview Data:
    File Day 1 Day 2
    Individual Foods File DR1IFF_G DR2IFF_G
    Total Nutrient Intakes File DR1TOT_G DR2TOT_G

    The amounts in these files reflect only nutrients obtained from foods, beverages, and water including tap and bottled water. They do not include nutrients obtained from dietary supplement intakes, antacids, or medications. Data on intakes of dietary supplement use are available on the NHANES 2011-2012 Dietary Data page.

    Individual Foods Files (DR1IFF_G and DR2IFF_G): Detailed information about each food/beverage item (including the description, amount of, and nutrient content) reported by each participant is included in the Individual Foods files. The names for both Day 1 and Day 2 variables are listed in Appendix 2.

    The Individual Foods files include, for each interview day, one record for each food/beverage consumed by a survey participant. Each record is uniquely numbered within a person’s set of records and contains the information listed below:

    The Individual Foods files include, for each interview day, one record for each food consumed by a survey participant. Each food record is sequentially numbered and contains the information listed below:

    • Number of days of complete intake obtained from participant
    • Day of the week of the intake
    • Whether the food/beverage was eaten in combination with other foods, such as in a sandwich
    • Time of eating occasion when the food was eaten
    • Eating occasion name
    • Where the food/beverage was obtained
    • Whether the meal/snack was eaten at home or not
    • A USDA FNDDS code identifying the food/beverage
    • Amount of food/beverage consumed, in grams
    • Food energy and 64 nutrients/food components (listed in Appendix 3) from each food/beverage as calculated using USDA's Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2011-2012 (FNDDS 2011-2012)
    • Whether nutrients were calculated directly from the item as identified in FNDDS 2011-2012 or the FNDDS item was modified by adjusting recipe ingredients to more closely match the food/beverage reported

    Descriptions for the USDA FNDDS food codes and modification codes are provided in two files: the Food Code Description file (DRXFCD_G) and the Modification Code Description file (DRXMCD_G). The DRXFCD_G file includes abbreviated descriptions (up to 80 characters) and complete descriptions (up to 200 characters) associated with each USDA food code in the FNDDS 2011-2012. The DRXMCD_G file includes descriptions (up to 240 characters) associated with each modification code identified in the Individual Foods files. Modification codes represent adjustments to predefined recipe ingredients that reflect more closely the food as described by the participant. Appendix 4 provides SAS code examples that may be used to link the food code or the modification code description to the Individual Foods file.

    Total Nutrient Intakes Files (DR1TOT_G and DR2TOT_G): For each participant, daily total energy and nutrient intakes from foods and beverages, and whether the amount of food consumed was usual, much more than usual, or much less than usual, are included in the Total Nutrient Intakes files. The Day 1 file also includes information on salt use in cooking and at the table; whether the participant is currently on any kind of diet to lose weight or for another health-related reason and, if so, the type of diet; and information on frequency of fish and shellfish consumption for participants aged 1 or older. The names for both Day 1 and Day 2 variables are listed in Appendix 5.

    The Total Nutrient Intakes files provide a summary record of total nutrient intakes for each individual. Each total intake record contains the following information:

    • Number of days of complete intake obtained from participant
    • Day of the week of the intake
    • Type of salt used and how often added at the table and in food preparation (Day 1 file only)
    • Whether the participant is currently on any kind of diet to lose weight or for other health-related reason and, if so, the type of diet (Day 1 file only)
    • Total number of foods and beverages including water reported for that participant for that day's intake
    • Daily aggregates of food energy and 64 nutrients/food components (listed in Appendix 3) from all foods/beverages as calculated using USDA's Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2011-2012 (FNDDS 2011-2012)
    • Whether the amount of food consumed was usual, much more than usual, or much less than usual
    • Total amount of tap and bottled water consumed (calculated as the sum of reports of water drunk by itself in the 24-hour recall) and the usual source of tap water
    • Frequency of fish and shellfish consumption in the past 30 days (participants one year or older, Day 1 file only)
  • Eligible Sample

    All NHANES participants are eligible for the dietary interview component. However, only participants one year or older are eligible for the frequency of fish and shellfish consumption questions following the 24-hour recall.

    Protocol and Procedure

    The examination protocol and data collection methods are fully documented in the NHANES dietary interviewer procedures manuals (In-person interview: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/2011-2012/manuals/mec_in_person_dietary_procedures_manual_jan_2012.pdf
    phone follow-up interview: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/2011-2012/manuals/phone_follow-up_dietary_procedures.pdf).

    Interviews were conducted for survey participants less than six years of age with a proxy (who was generally the person most knowledgeable about the survey participant’s intake). Interviews of children ages 6 to 8, were conducted with a proxy and with the child present to assist in reporting intake information. Interviews of children ages 9-11, were conducted with the child and the assistance of an adult familiar with the child’s intake. Participants 12 years or older answered for themselves. Dietary interviewers conducted interviews in English and Spanish. Translators were used to conduct interviews in other languages.

    The in-person interview was conducted in a private room in the NHANES mobile examination center (MEC). A set of measuring guides (various glasses, bowls, mugs, drink boxes and bottles, household spoons, measuring cups and spoons, a ruler, thickness sticks, bean bags, and circles) was available in the MEC dietary interview room for the participant to use for reporting amounts of foods (NHANES Measuring Guides for the Dietary Recall Interview: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/measuring_guides_dri/measuringguides.htm). Upon completion of the in-person interview, participants were given measuring cups, spoons, a ruler, and a food model booklet, which contained two-dimensional drawings of the various measuring guides available in the MEC, to use for reporting food amounts during the telephone interview. Telephone dietary interviews were collected 3 to 10 days following the MEC dietary interview, but not on the same day of the week as the MEC interview. Any participant who did not have a telephone was given a toll-free number to call so that the recall could be conducted.

    What We Eat in America data were collected using USDA's dietary data collection instrument, the Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) (http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg). The AMPM was designed to provide an efficient and accurate means of collecting intakes for large-scale national surveys. The AMPM is a fully computerized recall method that uses a 5-step interview outlined below:

    1. Quick List - Participant recalls all foods and beverages consumed the day before the interview (midnight to midnight).
    2. Forgotten Foods - Participant is asked about consumption of foods commonly forgotten during the Quick List step.
    3. Time and Occasion - Time and eating occasion are collected for each food.
    4. Detail Cycle - For each food, a detailed description, amount eaten, and additions to the food are collected. Eating occasions and times between eating occasions are reviewed to elicit forgotten foods.
    5. Final Probe - Additional foods not remembered earlier are collected.

    The AMPM includes an extensive compilation of standardized food-specific questions and possible response options. Routing of questions is based on previous responses. The AMPM is updated for each 2-year collection of WWEIA to reflect the changing food supply and to address research needs from the data user community. Additional information about the AMPM is provided in Raper et al. (Raper et al., 2004).

    The AMPM was validated in a large study and shown to be an effective method for collecting accurate group energy intake of adults. Completed in 2004, this extensive research project included 524 healthy, weight-stable volunteers, aged 30-69 years. The accuracy of the AMPM was evaluated by comparing reported energy intake (EI) to total energy expenditure (TEE) using the doubly labeled water technique (Moshfegh et al., 2008). Among the findings were that EI compared to TEE was under-reported by 11% overall, by less than 3% for normal weight subjects with body mass index (BMI) < 25 and 16% for overweight subjects with BMI ≥ 25.

    Additional studies provide evidence that the AMPM accurately measures group energy intake. Blanton (Blanton et al., 2006) reported that EI was not significantly different from TEE for a sample of 20 adult females. Rumpler and colleagues found that mean EIs were accurately reported for a sample of 12 adult males (Rumpler et al., 2008).

    Additional evidence for the accuracy of AMPM has been provided by analysis of the 24-hour urinary sodium data collected in the AMPM Validation Study, which suggest the AMPM is a valid measure for estimating sodium intake in adults. Dietary sodium intake calculated from 24-hour recall data of 465 subjects collected via AMPM was compared with sodium values from 24-hour urine collections measured during the same 24-hour period. The AMPM-derived mean dietary sodium estimates reflected over 90% of the biomarker-based estimates (Rhodes et al., 2013).

    For additional information about the dietary interview component and related survey protocols, please go to the Survey Operations Manuals, Brochures, Consent Documents site at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/continuousnhanes/default.aspx?BeginYear=2011.

     

     

    Quality Assurance & Quality Control

    All dietary interviewers were required to complete an intensive one-week training course and to conduct supervised practice interviews before working independently in the field. Retraining sessions were conducted annually to reinforce the proper protocols and technique.

    Interviewers were monitored throughout the data collection period. Monitoring consisted of the following:

    • Reviews of audio recorded interviews or in-person observations were conducted for approximately 5% of each interviewer's work.
    • Interviews were checked for completeness of the recalls, missing information, inconsistent reports, and unclear notes. Written notification and feedback were provided to the interviewers.

    Data Processing and Editing

    Interview data files were sent electronically from the field and were imported into Survey Net, a computer-assisted food coding and data management system developed by USDA (Raper et al., 2004).

    USDA's Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) 2011-2012 was used for processing the 2011-2012 intakes (http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg). The FNDDS includes comprehensive information that can be used to code individual foods and portion sizes reported by participants and also includes nutrient values for calculating nutrient intakes. The underlying nutrient values for FNDDS 2011-2012 were based on values in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, release 26, produced by USDA’s Nutrient Data Lab (http://www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata). FNDDS values are updated for every 2-year WWEIA, NHANES release cycle.

    FNDDS 2011-2012, which corresponds with WWEIA 2011-2012, now includes the addition of enhanced characterization of food and beverages indicating if the item is fortified or contains fortified ingredients. Another enhancement for FNDDS 2011-2012 is the incorporation of the Recipe Protocol Project, which provides a framework for the selection of ingredients and amounts across similar foods. The protocols standardize and modernize new and existing recipes for about 2,500 items in FNDDS 2011-2012. Additional information about the FNDDS and related tools is available on the Food Surveys Research Group website (Raper et al., 2004; Anand et al., 2006; Ahuja et al., 2008).

    Coders were required to pass a certification test after the initial training. They were routinely monitored to ensure the quality and completeness of their work. Approximately 10 percent of the coder's work was randomly selected to be independently coded by another coder. Results from the two codings were compared and adjudicated, if necessary.

    After intake data were coded, various types of reviews were conducted to ensure the quality of the data. An overview of quality assurance procedures conducted during the data processing stage is available in Anand, et al. (Anand et al., 2006). Examples of reviews include the following:

    • Overall acceptability of each recall. This review determined if the recall met the two minimum criteria listed below. A recall was considered unacceptable if it failed to meet either of these criteria:
      1. The first 4 steps of the 5-step AMPM were completed. Failure to meet this criterion occurs infrequently and is usually due to the participant stopping the interview before completion of the fourth step. This step collects the details (description and amount consumed) for each reported food.
      2. Foods consumed for each reported eating occasion must be identified. A report of an eating occasion with missing foods occurs most often when an adult serving as a proxy, usually for a child, has reported that the survey participant ate a meal, usually at daycare or school, but does not know what was served or how much was consumed (Anand et al., 2006).
    • Interviewers' and coders' questions and comments are reviewed to ensure that they have been accounted for in coding.
    • Decisions are made about how to code new or unusual foods or food quantities reported by participants. 
      Foods/beverages or portions that could not be matched to items in the database were resolved by FSRG scientists. New items and new portion sizes are added as needed to the FNDDS. Information about new foods/beverages and package sizes were collected using internet resources, direct contact with manufacturers, or food labels. Unusual food mixtures were coded using multiple food codes to represent the mixture, linking those foods with a combination food number, and specifying the type of combination.
    • Specific data integrity checks for reasonableness, consistency, and logic.
      Many quality control features are built into the AMPM software, including automated routing based on the participant's previous answers and extensive checks which prevent illogical responses. Nevertheless, over 30 unique checks were conducted across all dietary data.
    • Intakes with extreme levels for individual nutrients.
      Nutrient intakes were reviewed separately for various age and gender groups to determine if corrections were necessary.

    During data processing, the following edit was made to ensure the logical consistency and analytic usefulness of the data:

    • Modified nutrient values for some food mixtures.
      During the food coding process, predefined recipes for some food mixtures were modified to match more closely the food as described by the respondent. Nutrients were modified by substituting ingredients in a predefined recipe for the mixture. An example of a modified recipe is spinach cooked with butter instead of margarine. Each modification was assigned a unique 6-digit identification number. Recipe modification numbers appear in the variable DR1MC in the DR1IFF_G file and in the variable DR2MC in the DR2IFF_G file. Descriptions for each modification are provided in a separate file called DRXMCD.

      Starting in 2011, the following foods were not modified because new items are now included in FNDDS 2011-2012 to capture this detail: eggs; fish; macaroni and cheese; oatmeal; rice, select salads—such as potato salad, coleslaw, tuna salad, etc.; rice.

    A data processing step called salt adjustment that was based on survey participants' responses to selected questions was discontinued in 2009-2010 (Sebastian et al. 2013; Sebastian et al. 2012). For participants whose households used salt in cooking occasionally or less often, some or all of the salt attributable to home preparation was removed from foods that typically have salt added during preparation and were obtained from the store.
    Factors leading to the discontinuation of the data processing step of salt adjustment, include the following:

    • The use of store purchase as a proxy indicator of home preparation is no longer appropriate, due to the proliferation of ready-to-eat, ready-to-heat, and other convenience foods that are available in stores.
    • Results from the AMPM Validation Study demonstrate that the AMPM is a valid measure for estimating sodium intakes at the group level when the data processing step of salt adjustment is not applied. 

    For more detail about the data processing step of salt adjustment and its discontinuation, see Sebastian et. al. (Sebastian et al. 2013; Sebastian et al. 2012).

    Analytic Notes

    Each Individual Foods file (Day 1 and Day 2) is comprised of food records. For most survey participants, there are multiple records in each file. For each Total Nutrient Intakes file (Day 1 and Day 2) there is one record for each participant. These files can be linked with other NHANES files by the respondent sequence number (SEQN).

    Variable names: For data collected on both Day 1 and Day 2, variable names are differentiated by having the number "1" or "2" in the third position of the variable name to identify the collection day. For example, the USDA food code variable (in the Individual Foods File), which identifies the food reported by the participant, is named DR1IFDCD in the Day 1 file and DR2IFDCD in the Day 2 file. Appendices 2 and 5 list the Day 1 and Day 2 variable names for the Individual Foods file and the Total Nutrient Intakes file, respectively.

    Names for the following variables are the same for both days in the Individual Foods file and the Total Nutrient Intakes file:

    Variables with the Same Name for Both Days in the Dietary Interview Files
    Day 1 and Day 2 variable name Label
    SEQN Respondent sequence number
    WTDRD1 Dietary day one sample weight
    WTDR2D Dietary two-day sample weight
    DRABF Breast-fed infant (either day)
    DRDINT Number of days of intake

    Number of days of intake: A variable has been included to indicate the number of days of intake collected from each participant. The variable name is DRDINT. In 2011-2012, 8,519 participants provided complete dietary intakes for Day 1. Of those providing the Day 1 data, 7,605 provided complete dietary intakes for Day 2.

    Dietary recall status code: A status code (DR1DRSTZ or DR2DRSTZ) is used in both the Individual Foods and Total Nutrient Intakes files to indicate the quality and completeness of a survey participant's response to the dietary recall section. The codes are the following:

    1 = Reliable and met the minimum criteria

    For individuals with a code 1, all relevant variables associated with the 24-hour dietary recall contain a value.

    2 = Not reliable or did not meet the minimum criteria

    Individuals with a code 2 have incomplete records. No data on total nutrient intakes and the total number of foods reported are provided for these cases. These individuals have no records in the Individual Foods files.

    3     [Code 3 is not included in the current datasets. It was only used for data from the 1999-2000 survey cycle.]

    4 = Reported consuming breast milk

    For infants and children who consumed human milk, there is a record in the Individual Foods files for each report of human milk. However, because amounts of human milk intake are not quantified, these records contain missing values for the amount consumed and for the amounts of energy and nutrients from human milk. Also, records of human milk have a missing value for the food source variable (DR1FS, DR2FS) and the eaten at home variable (DR1_040Z, DR2_040Z) in the Individual Foods files. Records for any other foods and beverages consumed by breast-fed infants and children are included in the Individual Foods files along with their amounts and nutrient information. Because of the missing amount or quantity information for human milk, no total nutrient intakes (contained in the Total Nutrient Intakes files) were computed for participants with a code 4.

    A variable that identifies breast-fed children, DRABF, is included. This variable has a code of 1 if a child consumed human milk in either intake day.

    5 = Not done

    This code is assigned when the dietary recall section of the interview did not take place due to various reasons (such as arrived late/left early, refusal, illness, emergency, or equipment failure). These individuals have no records in the Individual Foods files. These individuals have a record in the Total Nutrients file with values only for the following variables: the respondent sequence number (SEQN), the dietary recall status code (DR1DRSTZ or DR2DRSTZ) and for participants one year or older, the fish and shellfish questions in the DR1TOT_G file (DRD340, DRD350A-K, DRD350AQ-JQ, DRD360, DRD370A-V, and DRD370AQ-UQ).

    Although there are four possible values, only codes 1 and 4 appear in the Individual Foods file. In addition to the status code described above, the variable DR1_300 and DR2_300 in the Total Nutrients file, denotes the participant's assessment of whether the amount of food consumed on the recall day was usual, much more than usual, or much less than usual.

    Participants who reported consuming only water, no food or other beverages: Records are included in the Individual Foods file for participants who consumed only water. There are 7 such individuals in the 2011-2012 datasets, 1 in the Day 1 data and 6 in the Day 2 data. Their dietary recall status variable for the day is coded as "1" (complete and reliable) in the Total Nutrients file and the total number of items is coded based on how many times water was reported. Individuals with just water intake and no food intake will have zero energy intake for the day.

    Participants who reported consuming no water, food or other beverages: There can be survey participants whose intakes are determined to be complete even though they reported no water, food, or other beverage records for the day. For such participants there are no records in the Individual Foods file but their dietary recall status is coded as complete and reliable and the Total Nutrients file will include records with zero values for all nutrients. In the 2011-2012 datasets, there are no such participants.

    Number of days between the intake day and the day of family interview: Each of the four intake files includes a variable (DR1DBIH for Day 1 files and DR2DBIH for Day 2 files) to indicate the number of days between the intake day (i.e., the period covered by the 24-hour recall) and the day that the family questionnaire was administered in the household. A positive value in DR1BHIH or DR2BHIH indicates the family interview occurred prior to the intake day. In the survey, most of the family interviews were done before the participant came to the MEC and participated in the dietary interview. A value of "0" in DR1BHIH or DR2BHIH indicates the family interview occurred on the same date as the intake day. A negative value (i.e., DR1BHIH<0 or DR2BHIH<0) means that the family interview occurred after the intake day.

    Food source: The source from which each food was obtained (e.g., from a store, fast food restaurant, cafeteria) is identified by the variables DR1FS (day 1) and DR2FS (day 2) in the Individual Foods files. 

    In 2011-2012, the code for “store” (value=1) has been divided into three separate codes: “Store - grocery/supermarket” (value=1), “Store - convenience type” (value=27), and “Store - no additional info” (value=28). Additionally, descriptions “Cafeteria not at school” and “Cafeteria at school” have been revised to “Cafeteria NOT in a K-12 school” and “Cafeteria in a K-12 school.”

    The code descriptions for this variable are:

    Code Descriptions for Source of Food Variable
    Code Description
    1 Store grocery/supermarket
    2 Restaurant with waiter/waitress
    3 Restaurant fast food/Pizza
    4 Bar/Tavern/Lounge
    5 Restaurant, no additional information
    6 Cafeteria NOT in a K-12 school
    7 Cafeteria in a K-12 school
    8 Child care center
    9 Family/Adult day care center
    10 Soup kitchen/shelter/food pantry facility
    11 Meals on Wheels Program
    12 Community food program – other
    13 Community program, no additional info
    14 Vending machine
    15 Common coffee pot or snack tray
    16 From someone else/gift
    17 Mail order purchase
    18 Residential dining facility
    19 Grown or caught by you or someone you know
    20 Fish caught by you or someone you know
    24 Sport, recreation, or entertainment
    25 Street vendor, vending truck
    26 Fundraiser sales
    27 Store - convenience type
    28 Store - no additional information
    91 Other, specify

    Eating occasion: The variables DR1_030Z and DR2_030Z are located in the Individual Foods file. The code descriptions for the eating occasion variables are shown in the table below.

    Code Descriptions for Eating Occasion Variable
    Code Description
    1 Breakfast
    2 Lunch
    3 Dinner
    4 Supper
    5 Brunch
    6 Snack
    7 Beverage/Drink
    8 Feeding-infant only
    9 Extended consumption
    10 Desayuno
    11 Almuerzo
    12 Comida
    13 Merienda
    14 Cena
    15 Entre comida
    16 Botana
    17 Bocadillo
    18 Tentempie
    19 Bebida
    91 Other

    Eating occasion was designated by the respondent. During the interview, a list of eating occasion names was available to the respondent for selection. However, eating occasion names were not defined for the respondent and the interpretation may differ from one person to another.

    Foods and beverages coded as part of a combination: Forty-three percent of foods and beverages reported in WWEIA, NHANES 2011-2012 were identified as items consumed together as combinations. Items consumed as a combination were identified by one of fifteen unique "combination food types". Foods and beverages not coded in combination have the code "0" for the combination food type variable.

    The combination types provide a linkage for:

    • Foods or beverages with additions, such as cereal with milk, coffee with cream;
    • Multi-component foods that have specific protocol for collection such as some salads and sandwiches (primarily those that are not from fast food establishments); and
    • Other combinations that do not have a unique code in the FNDDS.

    Combination Type, Code, Examples, and Percent of Food and Beverages Reported by Type, 2011-2012, Day 1
    Combination Type Code Examples of Combination Type % Items
    Not in combination 0 NA 57
    Beverage w/ additions 1 Coffee, tea with: milk, cream, sugar. Infant formula with: baby cereal. 8
    Cereal w/ additions 2 Cereals (ready-to-eat, cooked, baby) with: milk, sugar, fruit, butter. 5
    Bread/baked product w/additions 3 Breads, rolls, pancakes with: butter, jam, syrup, fruit . Cakes, pies with: ice cream, toppings. Crackers with: cheese, dip, peanut butter. 4
    Salad 4 Components of salads that do not have a single code in FNDDS. It may also designate additional items to single code salads. 4
    Sandwiches 5 Components of sandwiches that do not have a single code in FNDDS. It may also designate additional items added to single code sandwiches. 10
    Soup 6 Soup with: crackers, croutons, cheese. <1
    Frozen meals 7 Components of a prepackaged frozen meal and additions to the meal. <1
    Ice cream/ frozen yogurt w/ additions 8 Ice cream with: syrup, nuts, toppings. <1
    Dried beans or Vegetable w/ additions 9 French fries, potatoes with: catsup, gravy, butter, toppings. Beans with: sauce, butter. 3
    Fruit w/ additions 10 Fruit with: toppings, milk, honey. Components of fruit mixtures or salads that do not have a single code in FNDDS. <1
    Tortilla products 11 Components of tacos and tortilla products that do not have a single code in FNDDS. It may also designate additional items to single code tacos or tortilla products. 1
    Meat, Poultry, Fish 12 Meat, poultry, fish with: gravy, sauce, and condiments. 2
    Lunchables® 13 Components of pre-packaged lunch kits. <1
    Chips w/ additions 14 Potato chips, corn chips with: dip, cheese, salsa. <1
    Other mixtures 90 Rice, pasta, spaghetti, eggs, other mixtures with: butter, gravy, sauce, condiments. 4

    All items given a combination food type are given an additional variable to identify each of the items within the combination. This variable is the "combination food number" that is unique to the combination food type within the individual intake.

    Variable Labels and Names for Combination Coding
    Combination Coding Variable Name, Day 1 Variable Name, Day 2
    Combination food type DR1CCMTX DR2CCMTX
    Combination food number DR1CCMNM DR2CCMNM

    Special diet: Information on whether the participant is currently on any kind of diet to lose weight or for other health-related reason and, if so, the type of diet, was provided by the variable DRQSDIET identifies whether a participant was on a special diet. The variables DRQSDT1 through DRQSDT12 and DRQSDT91 identify the type of diet(s) that the participant was following. These variables can be found in the Total Nutrient Intakes file.

    Note: A participant could report more than one type of diet, and all the responses were recorded. For researchers studying this topic using data from more than one survey cycle, it is important to note that the number of response options increased from 2003-2004 to 2009-2010. There was no change in response options between 2009-2010 and 2011-2012.

    Sample weights for dietary intake data: The NHANES participants were selected on the basis of a national probability design. In order to increase the number of participants for specific demographic groups, a multi-stage, unequal probability of selection design was implemented. Beginning with 2011-2012 collection the sample design includes an oversample of Asian Americans.

    Sample weights are constructed that encompass the unequal probabilities of selection, as well as adjustments for non-participation by selected sample persons. In order to produce national, representative estimates, the appropriate sample weights must be used.

    For the 2011-2012 NHANES, there were 13,431 persons selected; of these 9,338 were considered participants to the MEC examination and data collection. 8,519 of the MEC participants provided complete dietary intakes for Day 1 and of those providing the Day 1 data, 7,605 provided complete dietary intakes for Day 2.

    Most analyses of NHANES data use data collected in the MEC and the variable WTMEC2YR should be used for the sample weights. However, for the WWEIA dietary data, different sample weights are recommended for analysis. Although attempts are made to schedule MEC exams uniformly throughout the week, proportionally more exams occur on weekend days than on weekdays. Because food intake can vary by day of the week, use of the MEC weights would disproportionately represent intakes on weekends.

    A set of weights (WTDRD1) is provided that should be used when an analysis uses the Day 1 dietary recall data (either alone or when Day 1 nutrient data are used in conjunction with MEC data). The set of weights (WTDRD1) is applicable to the 8,519 participants with Day 1 data. Day 1 weights were constructed by taking the MEC sample weights (WTMEC2YR) and further adjusting for (a) the additional non-response and (b) the differential allocation by day of the week for the dietary intake data collection. These Day 1 weights are more variable than the MEC weights, and the sample size is smaller, so estimated standard errors using Day 1 data and Day 1 weights are larger than standard errors for similar estimates based on MEC weights.

    When analysis is based on both days of dietary intake, only 7,605 sample participants have complete data. The NHANES protocol requires an attempt to collect the second day of dietary data at least 3 days after the first day, but the actual number of days between the two interviews is variable. A set of adjusted weights, WTDR2D, is to be used only when an analysis uses both Day 1 and Day 2 dietary data. This two-day weight was constructed for the 7,605 participants by taking the Day 1 weights (WTDRD1) and further adjusting for (a) the additional non-response for the second recall and (b) for the proportion of weekend-weekday combinations of Day 1 and Day 2 recalls.

    Note that all sample weights are person-level weights and each set of dietary weights should sum to the same population control total as the MEC weights (WTMEC2YR). In addition, the MEC weights (WTMEC2YR) are appropriate for use in the analysis of the fish and shellfish consumption data (i.e., variables DRD340, DRD350A-K, DRD350AQ-JQ DRD360, DRD370A-V, and DRD370AQ-UQ) located in the Day 1 Total Nutrient Intake File (DR1TOT_G), if no other dietary data are included in the analysis. Additional explanation of sample weights and appropriate uses are included in the NHANES Analytic Guidelines. Please also refer to the on-line NHANES Tutorial for further details on other analytic issues.

    References

    Codebook and Frequencies

    DRXFDCD - Food Code

    Variable Name:
    DRXFDCD
    SAS Label:
    Food Code
    English Text:
    Food Code
    Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
    11000000 to 95342000 Range of Values 7618 7618
    . Missing 0 7618

    DRXFCSD - Short Food Code Description

    Variable Name:
    DRXFCSD
    SAS Label:
    Short Food Code Description
    English Text:
    Short Food Code Description
    Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
    Short Food Code Description Value was recorded 7618 7618
    0 7618

    DRXFCLD - Long Food Code Description

    Variable Name:
    DRXFCLD
    SAS Label:
    Long Food Code Description
    English Text:
    Long Food Code Description
    Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
    Long Food Code Description Value was recorded 7618 7618
    0 7618

    Appendix 1. Changes between WWEIA survey cycles 2003-2004 thru 2011-2012

    Variable or feature WWEIA 2003-2004 WWEIA 2005-2006 WWEIA 2007-2008 WWEIA 2009-2010 WWEIA 2011-2012
    Number of days of intake data per respondent 2 days 2 days 2 days 2 days 2 days
    Nutrients included Food energy and 62 nutrients/food components. "Added vitamin E" and "Added vitamin B12" were added. Food energy and 63 nutrients/food components. Total choline added. Food energy and 64 nutrients/food components. Vitamin D added. Same as 2007-2008 Same as 2007-2008
    Food source (where food was obtained)
    Collected and released. Codes for 23 food sources. Collected and released. Codes for 24 food sources; added “fundraiser sales”. Same as 2005-2006 Same as 2005-2006 "Store" (value=1) has been split into three values – 1, 27 and 28. Codes 6 and 7 for cafeterias have revised descriptions.
    Combination food types Codes for 15 combination types; added “chips with additions”. Same as 2003-2004 Same as 2003-2004 Same as 2003-2004 Same as 2003-2004
    Eating occasion names 20 codes; 3 existing codes modified and 2 new codes. Same as 2003-2004 Same as 2003-2004 Same as 2003-2004 Same as 2003-2004
    Special diet variables Collected and released. Same as 2003-2004 Collected and released; 2 new codes: Low carbohydrate diet and High protein diet. Same as 2005-2006 Same as 2009-2010
    Plain drinking water collected in same manner as other foods and beverages Total amount of non-sweetened water collected after the 24-hour recall and reported in the Total Nutrient Intake files. Minerals in tap water and plain bottled water not included. All waters, including tap water and bottled water, were collected during the 24-hour recall and reported in the Individual Foods file, complete with food codes, gram weights and nutrient values. Summary water variables compatible with previous data cycles are included in the Total Nutrient Intake files with the exception of plain carbonated water. Same as 2005-2006 Same as 2005-2006 Same as 2005-2006
    Number of intakes that include only water consumption for the day 3 intakes (1 intake in Day 1 and 2 intakes in Day 2 data), no records in Individual Foods file. 3 intakes (1 intake in Day 1 and 2 intakes in Day 2 data), records are included in Individual Foods file. 5 intakes (all in Day 2 data), records are included in Individual Foods file. 4 intakes (all in Day 2 data), records are included in Individual Foods file. 7 intakes (1 in Day 1, 6 in Day 2), records are included in Individual Foods file.
    Number of intakes that include no water or food consumption for the day No such intake reported. No such intake reported. 2 intakes (1 intake in Day 1 and 1 intake in Day 2) with no food or water records for the day. Records are not included in the Individual Foods File for these intakes. 1 intake in Day 2 with no food or water records for the day. Record is not included in the Individual Foods File for this intake. No such intake reported.
    Eligible sample for questions on fish/ shellfish consumption in the past 30 days Children 1-5 years and women 16-49 years of age. All participants one year or older. Same as 2005-2006 Same as 2005-2006 Same as 2005-2006
    Number of days between the intake day and the day of family interview Not calculated Not calculated Calculated and released; 2 new continuous variables calculated for both Day 1 and Day 2 Same as 2007-2008 Same as 2007-2008
    Data processing step on salt adjustment Applied Applied Applied No longer applied—for details, go to www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg Same as 2009-2010

    Appendix 2. Variables in the Individual Foods Files (DR1IFF_G and DR2IFF_G) by Position

    Day1 Name Day2 Name Variable Label
    SEQN SEQN Respondent sequence number
    WTDRD1 WTDRD1 Dietary day one sample weight
    WTDR2D WTDR2D Dietary two-day sample weight
    DR1ILINE DR2ILINE Food/Individual component number
    DR1DRSTZ DR2DRSTZ Dietary recall status
    DR1EXMER DR2EXMER Interviewer ID code
    DRABF DRABF Breast-fed infant (either day)
    DRDINT DRDINT Number of days of intake
    DR1DBIH DR2DBIH # of days b/w intake and HH interview
    DR1DAY DR2DAY Intake day of the week
    DR1LANG DR2LANG Language respondent used mostly
    DR1CCMNM DR2CCMNM Combination food number
    DR1CCMTX DR2CCMTX Combination food type
    DR1_020 DR2_020 Time of eating occasion (HH:MM)
    DR1_030Z DR2_030Z Name of eating occasion
    DR1FS DR2FS Source of food
    DR1_040Z DR2_040Z Did you eat this meal at home?
    DR1IFDCD DR2IFDCD USDA food code
    DR1MC DR2MC Modification code
    DR1IGRMS DR2IGRMS Grams
    DR1IKCAL DR2IKCAL Energy (kcal)
    DR1IPROT DR2IPROT Protein (gm)
    DR1ICARB DR2ICARB Carbohydrate (gm)
    DR1ISUGR DR2ISUGR Total sugars (gm)
    DR1IFIBE DR2IFIBE Dietary fiber (gm)
    DR1ITFAT DR2ITFAT Total fat (gm)
    DR1ISFAT DR2ISFAT Total saturated fatty acids (gm)
    DR1IMFAT DR2IMFAT Total monounsaturated fatty acids (gm)
    DR1IPFAT DR2IPFAT Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (gm)
    DR1ICHOL DR2ICHOL Cholesterol (mg)
    DR1IATOC DR2IATOC Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg)
    DR1IATOA DR2IATOA Added alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) (mg)
    DR1IRET DR2IRET Retinol (mcg)
    DR1IVARA DR2IVARA Vitamin A, RAE (mcg)
    DR1IACAR DR2IACAR Alpha-carotene (mcg)
    DR1IBCAR DR2IBCAR Beta-carotene (mcg)
    DR1ICRYP DR2ICRYP Beta-cryptoxanthin (mcg)
    DR1ILYCO DR2ILYCO Lycopene (mcg)
    DR1ILZ DR2ILZ Lutein + zeaxanthin (mcg)
    DR1IVB1 DR2IVB1 Thiamin (Vitamin B1) (mg)
    DR1IVB2 DR2IVB2 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg)
    DR1INIAC DR2INIAC Niacin (mg)
    DR1IVB6 DR2IVB6 Vitamin B6 (mg)
    DR1IFOLA DR2IFOLA Total folate (mcg)
    DR1IFA DR2IFA Folic acid (mcg)
    DR1IFF DR2IFF Food folate (mcg)
    DR1IFDFE DR2IFDFE Folate, DFE (mcg)
    DR1ICHL DR2ICHL Total choline (mg)
    DR1IVB12 DR2IVB12 Vitamin B12 (mcg)
    DR1IB12A DR2IB12A Added vitamin B12 (mcg)
    DR1IVC DR2IVC Vitamin C (mg)
    DR1IVD DR2IVD Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (mcg)
    DR1IVK DR2IVK Vitamin K (mcg)
    DR1ICALC DR2ICALC Calcium (mg)
    DR1IPHOS DR2IPHOS Phosphorus (mg)
    DR1IMAGN DR2IMAGN Magnesium (mg)
    DR1IIRON DR2IIRON Iron (mg)
    DR1IZINC DR2IZINC Zinc (mg)
    DR1ICOPP DR2ICOPP Copper (mg)
    DR1ISODI DR2ISODI Sodium (mg)
    DR1IPOTA DR2IPOTA Potassium (mg)
    DR1ISELE DR2ISELE Selenium (mcg)
    DR1ICAFF DR2ICAFF Caffeine (mg)
    DR1ITHEO DR2ITHEO Theobromine (mg)
    DR1IALCO DR2IALCO Alcohol (gm)
    DR1IMOIS DR2IMOIS Moisture (gm)
    DR1IS040 DR2IS040 SFA 4:0 (Butanoic) (gm)
    DR1IS060 DR2IS060 SFA 6:0 (Hexanoic) (gm)
    DR1IS080 DR2IS080 SFA 8:0 (Octanoic) (gm)
    DR1IS100 DR2IS100 SFA 10:0 (Decanoic) (gm)
    DR1IS120 DR2IS120 SFA 12:0 (Dodecanoic) (gm)
    DR1IS140 DR2IS140 SFA 14:0 (Tetradecanoic) (gm)
    DR1IS160 DR2IS160 SFA 16:0 (Hexadecanoic) (gm)
    DR1IS180 DR2IS180 SFA 18:0 (Octadecanoic) (gm)
    DR1IM161 DR2IM161 MFA 16:1 (Hexadecenoic) (gm)
    DR1IM181 DR2IM181 MFA 18:1 (Octadecenoic) (gm)
    DR1IM201 DR2IM201 MFA 20:1 (Eicosenoic) (gm)
    DR1IM221 DR2IM221 MFA 22:1 (Docosenoic) (gm)
    DR1IP182 DR2IP182 PFA 18:2 (Octadecadienoic) (gm)
    DR1IP183 DR2IP183 PFA 18:3 (Octadecatrienoic) (gm)
    DR1IP184 DR2IP184 PFA 18:4 (Octadecatetraenoic) (gm)
    DR1IP204 DR2IP204 PFA 20:4 (Eicosatetraenoic) (gm)
    DR1IP205 DR2IP205 PFA 20:5 (Eicosapentaenoic) (gm)
    DR1IP225 DR2IP225 PFA 22:5 (Docosapentaenoic) (gm)
    DR1IP226 DR2IP226 PFA 22:6 (Docosahexaenoic) (gm)

    Appendix 3. List of Nutrients/Food Components (Unit)

    Energy and Macronutrients

    Food energy (kcal)
    Protein (gm)
    Carbohydrate (gm)
    Fat, total (gm)
    Alcohol (gm)

    Sugars, total (gm)
    Dietary fiber, total (gm)
    Water (moisture) (gm)*

    Saturated fatty acids, total (gm)
    Monounsaturated fatty acids, total (gm)
    Polyunsaturated fatty acids, total (gm)
    Cholesterol (mg)

    Individual fatty acids:
        4:0 (gm)
        6:0 (gm)
        8:0 (gm)
        10:0 (gm)
        12:0 (gm)
        14:0 (gm)
        16:0 (gm)
        18:0 (gm)
        16:1 (gm)
        18:1 (gm)
        20:1 (gm)
        22:1 (gm)
        18:2 (gm)
        18:3 (gm)
        18:4 (gm)
        20:4 (gm)
        20:5 n-3 (gm)
        22:5 n-3 (gm)
        22:6 n-3 (gm)

    Vitamins, Minerals, and Other Components

    Vitamin A as retinol activity equivalents (mcg)
    Retinol (mcg)
    Carotenoids:
        Carotene, alpha (mcg)
        Carotene, beta (mcg)
        Cryptoxanthin, beta (mcg)
        Lycopene (mcg)
        Lutein + zeaxanthin (mcg)
    Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg)
        Added vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg)
    Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (mcg)
    Vitamin K as phylloquinone (mcg)
    Vitamin C (mg)
    Thiamin (mg)
    Riboflavin (mg)
    Niacin (mg)
    Vitamin B-6 (mg)
    Folate, total (mcg)
        Folate as dietary folate equivalents (mcg)
        Folic acid (mcg)
        Food folate (mcg)
    Choline, total (mg)
    Vitamin B-12 (mcg)
        Added vitamin B-12 (mcg)

    Calcium (mg)
    Iron (mg)
    Magnesium (mg)
    Phosphorus (mg)
    Potassium (mg)
    Sodium (mg)
    Zinc (mg)
    Copper (mg)
    Selenium (mcg)
    Caffeine (mg)
    Theobromine (mg)
    __________________________________________________________________________

      * Value reflects moisture present in all foods, beverages, and water consumed as a beverage (variables DR1IMOIS, DR2IMOIS, DR1TMOIS, DR2TMOIS)

     

    Appendix 4. Adding Food Code Descriptions or Modification Code Descriptions to Your Files

    Two supporting files are also included with the Individual Foods files: the Food Code Description file (DRXFCD_G) and the Modification Code Description file (DRXMCD_G).

    The DRXFCD_G file includes abbreviated descriptions (up to 80 characters) and complete descriptions (up to 200 characters) associated with each USDA food code identified in the Individual Foods files. The DRXMCD_G file includes descriptions (up to 200 characters) associated with each modification code identified in the Individual Foods files. Modification codes represent adjustments to predefined recipe ingredients that reflect more closely the food as described by the respondent.

    The Food Code Description file (DRXFCD_G) contains three variables:

    DRXFDCD a numeric value corresponding to DR1IFDCD in the file DR1IFF_G or DR2IFDCD in the file DR2IFF_G;

    DRXFCSD a short description (up to 80 characters) of the food code;

    DRXFDLD a long description (up to 200 characters) of the food code.

    The Modification Code Description file (DRXMCD_G) contains two variables:

    DRXMC a numeric value corresponding to DR1MC in the file DR1IFF_G or DR2MC in the file DR2IFF_G;

    DRXMCD a description (up to 200 characters) of the modification code.

    The following SQL code is an example of appending the modifications code description (here called DR1MCD) to one of the Individual Foods files. This code is for SAS® Proc SQL. Other SQL implementations may be different. This same technique may be used for the Food Code Description file as well.

            proc sql; 
              create table DR1IFF_G_PLUS as 
              select a.*, b.DRXMCD as DR1MCD 
              from NHANES.DR1IFF_G a 
              left join 
              NHANES.DRXMCD_G b 
              on a.DR1MC = b.DRXMC 
              order by SEQN, DR1ILINE; 
            quit;

    SAS® users may wish to use Proc Format to assign labels to the food codes or to the modification codes. The following example assigns a permanent format to the food code based on the short description. It is assumed that the user has stored the Individual Foods files and the Food Code Description file in a library called NHANES and wishes to store the formats there as well.

           options fmtsearch = (NHANES);
    
           data DRXFMT; 
             set NHANES.DRXFCD_G; 
             retain FMTNAME 'DRIFDCD'; 
             rename DRDIFDCD = start; 
             rename DRXFCSD  = value; 
             drop DRXFCLD; 
           run;
    
           proc format cntlin = DRXFMT 
             library = NHANES; 
           run;
    
           proc datasets lib = NHANES; 
             modify DR1IFFC; 
             format DR1IFDCD DRDIFDCD.; 
             modify DR2IFFC; 
             format DR2IFDCD DRDIFDCD.; 
           quit;
    

    __________________________________________________________________________

      SAS® is a registered trademark of SAS Institute, Inc.

     

    Appendix 5. DR1TOT_G and DR2TOT_G Variables by Position

    Day1 Name Day2 Name Variable Label
    SEQN SEQN Respondent sequence number
    WTDRD1 WTDRD1 Dietary day one sample weight
    WTDR2D WTDR2D Dietary two-day sample weight
    DR1DRSTZ DR2DRSTZ Dietary recall status
    DR1EXMER DR2EXMER Interviewer ID code
    DRABF DRABF Breast-fed infant (either day)
    DRDINT DRDINT Number of days of intake
    DR1DBIH DR2DBIH # of days b/w intake and HH interview
    DR1DAY DR2DAY Intake day of the week
    DR1LANG DR2LANG Language respondent used mostly
    DR1MNRSP DR2MNRSP Main respondent for this interview
    DR1HELPD DR2HELPD Helped in responding for this interview
    DBQ095Z N/A Type of table salt used
    DBD100 N/A How often add salt to food at table
    DRQSPREP N/A Salt used in preparation?
    DRQSDIET N/A On special diet?
    DRQSDT1 N/A Weight loss/Low calorie diet
    DRQSDT2 N/A Low fat/Low cholesterol diet
    DRQSDT3 N/A Low salt/Low sodium diet
    DRQSDT4 N/A Sugar free/Low sugar diet
    DRQSDT5 N/A Low fiber diet
    DRQSDT6 N/A High fiber diet
    DRQSDT7 N/A Diabetic diet
    DRQSDT8 N/A Weight gain/Muscle building diet
    DRQSDT9 N/A Low carbohydrate diet
    DRQSDT10 N/A High protein diet
    DRQSDT11 N/A Gluten-free/Celiac diet
    DRQSDT12 N/A Renal/Kidney diet
    DRQSDT91 N/A Other special diet
    DR1TNUMF DR2TNUMF Number of foods reported
    DR1TKCAL DR2TKCAL Energy (kcal)
    DR1TPROT DR2TPROT Protein (gm)
    DR1TCARB DR2TCARB Carbohydrate (gm)
    DR1TSUGR DR2TSUGR Total sugars (gm)
    DR1TFIBE DR2TFIBE Dietary fiber (gm)
    DR1TTFAT DR2TTFAT Total fat (gm)
    DR1TSFAT DR2TSFAT Total saturated fatty acids (gm)
    DR1TMFAT DR2TMFAT Total monounsaturated fatty acids (gm)
    DR1TPFAT DR2TPFAT Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (gm)
    DR1TCHOL DR2TCHOL Cholesterol (mg)
    DR1TATOC DR2TATOC Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg)
    DR1TATOA DR2TATOA Added alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) (mg)
    DR1TRET DR2TRET Retinol (mcg)
    DR1TVARA DR2TVARA Vitamin A, RAE (mcg)
    DR1TACAR DR2TACAR Alpha-carotene (mcg)
    DR1TBCAR DR2TBCAR Beta-carotene (mcg)
    DR1TCRYP DR2TCRYP Beta-cryptoxanthin (mcg)
    DR1TLYCO DR2TLYCO Lycopene (mcg)
    DR1TLZ DR2TLZ Lutein + zeaxanthin (mcg)
    DR1TVB1 DR2TVB1 Thiamin (Vitamin B1) (mg)
    DR1TVB2 DR2TVB2 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg)
    DR1TNIAC DR2TNIAC Niacin (mg)
    DR1TVB6 DR2TVB6 Vitamin B6 (mg)
    DR1TFOLA DR2TFOLA Total folate (mcg)
    DR1TFA DR2TFA Folic acid (mcg)
    DR1TFF DR2TFF Food folate (mcg)
    DR1TFDFE DR2TFDFE Folate, DFE (mcg)
    DR1TCHL DR2TCHL Total choline (mg)
    DR1TVB12 DR2TVB12 Vitamin B12 (mcg)
    DR1TB12A DR2TB12A Added vitamin B12 (mcg)
    DR1TVC DR2TVC Vitamin C (mg)
    DR1TVD DR2TVD Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (mcg)
    DR1TVK DR2TVK Vitamin K (mcg)
    DR1TCALC DR2TCALC Calcium (mg)
    DR1TPHOS DR2TPHOS Phosphorus (mg)
    DR1TMAGN DR2TMAGN Magnesium (mg)
    DR1TIRON DR2TIRON Iron (mg)
    DR1TZINC DR2TZINC Zinc (mg)
    DR1TCOPP DR2TCOPP Copper (mg)
    DR1TSODI DR2TSODI Sodium (mg)
    DR1TPOTA DR2TPOTA Potassium (mg)
    DR1TSELE DR2TSELE Selenium (mcg)
    DR1TCAFF DR2TCAFF Caffeine (mg)
    DR1TTHEO DR2TTHEO Theobromine (mg)
    DR1TALCO DR2TALCO Alcohol (gm)
    DR1TMOIS DR2TMOIS Moisture (gm)
    DR1TS040 DR2TS040 SFA 4:0 (Butanoic) (gm)
    DR1TS060 DR2TS060 SFA 6:0 (Hexanoic) (gm)
    DR1TS080 DR2TS080 SFA 8:0 (Octanoic) (gm)
    DR1TS100 DR2TS100 SFA 10:0 (Decanoic) (gm)
    DR1TS120 DR2TS120 SFA 12:0 (Dodecanoic) (gm)
    DR1TS140 DR2TS140 SFA 14:0 (Tetradecanoic) (gm)
    DR1TS160 DR2TS160 SFA 16:0 (Hexadecanoic) (gm)
    DR1TS180 DR2TS180 SFA 18:0 (Octadecanoic) (gm)
    DR1TM161 DR2TM161 MFA 16:1 (Hexadecenoic) (gm)
    DR1TM181 DR2TM181 MFA 18:1 (Octadecenoic) (gm)
    DR1TM201 DR2TM201 MFA 20:1 (Eicosenoic) (gm)
    DR1TM221 DR2TM221 MFA 22:1 (Docosenoic) (gm)
    DR1TP182 DR2TP182 PFA 18:2 (Octadecadienoic) (gm)
    DR1TP183 DR2TP183 PFA 18:3 (Octadecatrienoic) (gm)
    DR1TP184 DR2TP184 PFA 18:4 (Octadecatetraenoic) (gm)
    DR1TP204 DR2TP204 PFA 20:4 (Eicosatetraenoic) (gm)
    DR1TP205 DR2TP205 PFA 20:5 (Eicosapentaenoic) (gm)
    DR1TP225 DR2TP225 PFA 22:5 (Docosapentaenoic) (gm)
    DR1TP226 DR2TP226 PFA 22:6 (Docosahexaenoic) (gm)
    DR1_300 DR2_300 Compare food consumed yesterday to usual
    DR1_320Z DR2_320Z Total plain water drank yesterday (gm)
    DR1_330Z DR2_330Z Total tap water drank yesterday (gm)
    DR1BWATZ DR2BWATZ Total bottled water drank yesterday (gm)
    DR1TWS DR2TWS Tap water source
    DRD340 N/A Shellfish eaten during past 30 days
    DRD350A N/A Clams eaten during past 30 days
    DRD350AQ N/A # of times clams eaten in past 30 days
    DRD350B N/A Crabs eaten during past 30 days
    DRD350BQ N/A # of times crabs eaten in past 30 days
    DRD350C N/A Crayfish eaten during past 30 days
    DRD350CQ N/A # of times crayfish eaten past 30 days
    DRD350D N/A Lobsters eaten during past 30 days
    DRD350DQ N/A # of times lobsters eaten past 30 days
    DRD350E N/A Mussels eaten during past 30 days
    DRD350EQ N/A # of times mussels eaten in past 30 days
    DRD350F N/A Oysters eaten during past 30 days
    DRD350FQ N/A # of times oysters eaten in past 30 days
    DRD350G N/A Scallops eaten during past 30 days
    DRD350GQ N/A # of times scallops eaten past 30 days
    DRD350H N/A Shrimp eaten during past 30 days
    DRD350HQ N/A # of times shrimp eaten in past 30 days
    DRD350I N/A Other shellfish eaten past 30 days
    DRD350IQ N/A # of times other shellfish eaten
    DRD350J N/A Other unknown shellfish eaten past 30 d
    DRD350JQ N/A # of times other unknown shellfish eaten
    DRD350K N/A Refused on shellfish eaten past 30 days
    DRD360 N/A Fish eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370A N/A Breaded fish products eaten past 30 days
    DRD370AQ N/A # of times breaded fish products eaten
    DRD370B N/A Tuna eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370BQ N/A # of times tuna eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370C N/A Bass eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370CQ N/A # of times bass eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370D N/A Catfish eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370DQ N/A # of times catfish eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370E N/A Cod eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370EQ N/A # of times cod eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370F N/A Flatfish eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370FQ N/A # of times flatfish eaten past 30 days
    DRD370G N/A Haddock eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370GQ N/A # of times haddock eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370H N/A Mackerel eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370HQ N/A # of times mackerel eaten past 30 days
    DRD370I N/A Perch eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370IQ N/A # of times perch eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370J N/A Pike eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370JQ N/A # of times pike eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370K N/A Pollock eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370KQ N/A # of times pollock eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370L N/A Porgy eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370LQ N/A # of times porgy eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370M N/A Salmon eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370MQ N/A # of times salmon eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370N N/A Sardines eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370NQ N/A # of times sardines eaten past 30 days
    DRD370O N/A Sea bass eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370OQ N/A # of times sea bass eaten past 30 days
    DRD370P N/A Shark eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370PQ N/A # of times shark eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370Q N/A Swordfish eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370QQ N/A # of times swordfish eaten past 30 days
    DRD370R N/A Trout eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370RQ N/A # of times trout eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370S N/A Walleye eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370SQ N/A # of times walleye eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370T N/A Other fish eaten during past 30 days
    DRD370TQ N/A # of times other fish eaten past 30 days
    DRD370U N/A Other unknown fish eaten in past 30 days
    DRD370UQ N/A # of times other unknown fish eaten
    DRD370V N/A Refused on fish eaten past 30 days