| | | | | Vertebrate (species and organ) and arthropod | No. isolations/No. tested | No. with antibody/No. tested Test used | Country and region |
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| | Man : many isolations, mainly from brain. Serologic surveys by HI and NT; variable up to 50% positive in highly endemic areas in USA; CF usually under 5% positive. Horse: Many isolations, mainly from brain. Serologic surveys (NT) may reach 100% positive in highly endemic area (USA). Cow: No isolations, but HI and NT positives frequently in high rate in highly endemic areas. Pig and Deer: One each; serologic surveys limited. Rodents: Few isolations from Citellus, Sciurus, Mus, and Microtus. Serologic surveys limited. Wild birds: Numerous isolations, mostly from passerine and a few ground species; frequency depends upon area. Also many isolations from sentinel chickens. NT and HI positives in some species, areas, and seasons approaching 100%. Snakes: Isolations from the blood of 37 of 84 wild snakes of 3 genera captured in early spring in Utah (USA) are reported (9). Isolations from 6 leopard frogs reported from Canada (14). Mosquitoes: Isolations from 5 genera (Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, Culiseta, and Psorophora) have been reported but by far the greater number of isolations have been made from Culex tarsalis in the Western USA and from Culiseta melanura in the Eastern USA. Those isolations from Culiseta melanura are now presumed to be Highlands J virus. Isolations also reported from Dermanyssus, Bdellonyssus and Triatoma. | | Consult References 6,7,8. | | Culex (Mel) dunni | 1 | | Ecuador, 1975 (25) | | | | | |
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