National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2005-2006 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies

Ophthalmology - Retinal Imaging (OPXRET_D)

Data File: OPXRET_D.xpt

First Published: December 2008

Last Revised: June 2015

Component Description

The Retinal Imaging subsection of the Ophthalmology Component tests for the presence of diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and other retinal conditions. Two forty-five degree non-mydriatic digital retinal images of each eye were obtained using an ophthalmic digital imaging system (1).

In 2012, digital images of participants with a cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) greater than or equal to 0.6 were re-read by ophthalmologists from Johns Hopkins University with attention to features relevant to glaucoma.

Eligible Sample

All examined participants aged 40 years and older who did not meet any of the exclusion criteria. Persons could be excluded from the retinal imaging component due to blindness (i.e., unable to see light with both eyes open), eye infections, or eye patches on both eyes (1).

Retinal images of all examined participants aged 40 years and older who had a vertical CDR 0.6 or greater were re-graded in 2012

Protocol and Procedure

The retinal imaging exam was performed using an ophthalmic digital imaging system (Retinal Photography) to assess the presence of retinal diseases.

Forty-five degree non-mydriatic digital images of the retina were captured from survey participants aged 40 years and older using the Canon Non-Mydriatic Retinal Camera CR6-45NM. Technicians conducting the exams were trained in the use of the digital imaging system. The room was darkened while these images were captured to allow the pupils to dilate naturally. No pharmacologic dilation was used (1).

The exam was conducted with the participant seated in a chair in front of the Canon CR6-45NM, with a Canon 10D camera back (6.3 megapixels per image), with the flash default (DA) set to 2. Please refer to the NHANES Ophthalmology Procedures Manual in the NHANES website for camera settings. Participants were asked to focus on a target for proper field positioning while two digital images per eye were obtained. The first image was centered on the macula (field 2) and the second on the optic nerve (field 1). The first eye to be imaged was determined by an automated system. The digital images were copied to DVDs and shipped to the University of Wisconsin for grading using standardized methods used for other populations.

Field 1 and 2 images provided photographic documentation of the optic disc, macula, and substantial portions of the temporal arcades.

During external alignment of the pupil, its size was estimated, once for each eye, prior to taking the first image for that eye. Each digital image was initially evaluated as it appeared on the back of the digital camera. Technicians were trained to determine when an image should be repeated, such as an image being too dark or the person blinked. After taking the required four images, repeat images were captured for those that were obviously ungradable. The maximum number of images allowed was 12 (i.e., 3 per field) (1).

Digital images were evaluated by graders at the University of Wisconsin. If an eye was judged to have a treatable pathologic condition that posed an imminent threat to vision, the University of Wisconsin notified NCHS within three working days of receipt of the images. Further information can be found in the NHANES Ophthalmology Procedures Manual available on the NHANES website.

In 2012, retinal images that were determined to have a CDR 0.6 or greater were re-read by ophthalmologists at Johns Hopkins University to look for additional indicators suggestive of the presence of glaucoma. Specifically, the optic disc images were evaluated. A tablet-based review system was used to grade the images.

As a quality control check, 200 images were randomly selected from eyes having a vertical CDR less than 0.6. All optic disc images assessed as 0.6 or greater were selected by the photo reading center and re-graded.

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

A variety of quality control procedures were used to ensure the accurate and reliable collection of these data. Calibrations of the Canon forty-five degree non-mydriatic camera were performed prior to conducting examinations at each survey location. Prior to data collection, a multistage training was conducted during which the technician was required to image a minimum of 25 volunteers (50 eyes). Six images captured by each technician were sent to graders for evaluation. At regular intervals, NCHS and contractor staff observed digital imaging examinations to evaluate whether appropriate procedures and techniques were being followed. Midyear and annual retraining sessions were conducted with health technicians to review data collection procedures, provide feedback, review grader evaluation comments, and reinforce proper protocols and technique.

Digital images of the retina were sent to graders under contract to the University of Wisconsin, Madison for reading. The grading protocol for assessing retinopathy, macular degeneration, and other retinal lesions was successfully performed in NHANES III. The grading team included nine experienced graders (a preliminary grading coordinator, two preliminary graders, and six detail graders).

The digital images were evaluated in semi-quantitative fashion by independent graders using EyeQ Lite, an image processing software for storage, retrieval, and manipulation of digital images. The graders viewed each retinal image with a high resolution monitor, using the EyeQLite image processing software and database, and referenced the written protocol and the digital photographic standards to evaluate retinal abnormalities.

Three distinct steps comprised the grading process: early review for pathology, preliminary grading, and detail grading. A preliminary grading coordinator reviewed images for significant pathology and notified NCHS of pathology within 3 days of receiving the images. All images were further graded by at least two graders (a preliminary grader and a detail grader). Upon systematic grading, if the first two graders did not agree on pathology, a third grader graded the eye. If two of the three graders disagreed, the image was evaluated by an adjudicator to make a final decision. Refer to the NHANES Digital Grading Protocol on the NHANES website for more detail (2).

The reading center provided a photo quality report generated from the graders’ evaluations of all photographs which was used to evaluate re-training of technicians.

For details on the QA/QC process for this component, please refer to the NHANES Ophthalmology Procedures Manual on the NHANES website.

Inspection, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment and supplies were performed on a regular basis. The NHANES Ophthalmology Procedures Manual details the equipment quality control procedures (1).

Images with a CDR 0.6 or greater were re-graded in 2012 to look for indicators suggestive of glaucoma. As a quality control measure, 200 optic disc images were randomly selected from eyes with a vertical CDR of less than 0.6 (considered “normal” for glaucoma for this re-grading process) and evaluated for signs suggesting the presence of glaucoma. The validation study was considered successful.

Data Processing and Editing

Automated data collection procedures for the survey were used to collect the digital imaging data. Digital images were captured by a non-mydriatic camera. The captured images were then transferred to the survey database system.

Data on indicators of glaucoma (quality, vertical CDR, glaucoma, disc heme, size, excavation, notch, tilted) were provided to NCHS by the ophthalmologists with Johns Hopkins University involved in the 2012 study of re-grading images with a CDR 0.6 or greater.

During the editing process, all data were examined for logical inconsistencies and technician or equipment errors. Edits of the data were performed when errors were detected.

Analytic Notes

Users are encouraged to note carefully the “English Instructions” describing the various variables and suggested analysis in the codebook documentation.

Note that eye conditions are provided for the worse eye, right eye, and left eye. The following can be determined from the variable names: OP - Ophthalmology component; third letter - data was gathered through examination (X), it is an administrative variable (A), or a derived variable (D). Worse eye is defined by “U”, right eye by “D”, and left eye by “S”. The remaining letters refer to the corresponding data gathered or eye condition.

OPASCCT2 (Retinal Imaging Exam Status Comment) is a quality control variable that allowed NCHS to monitor the component and the reasons technicians provided for why an exam was not done or incomplete. The data were not collected for analytic reasons but for quality control purposes. This variable is only provided in the data release file to allow analysts to have some information on missing data and possible reasons for non-response.

References to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) standards are made in the codebook, thus familiarization with the standards is helpful.

Retinal Imaging data can be combined with the Ophthalmology Frequency Doubling Technology data to assess for the presence of glaucoma. Visual acuity data can be used in analysis where noted in the English Instructions.

Please refer to the Analytic Guidelines on the NHANES website to obtain further details on the use of sample weights and other analytic issues (3).

The NHANES Digital Grading Protocol which can be found on the NHANES website provides definitions and a detailed description of the grading process (2).

The following procedures were used in the 2012 re-grading of the optic disc images:

The images were inserted into a tablet-based review system (Truthmarker for iOS) and graded in the following areas:
- Quality: Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor, Ungradable
- Vertical CDR: 0.0 to 1.0 in increments of 0.1, Ungradable
- Glaucoma: No, Possible, Probable, Definite, Ungradable
- Disc Heme: No, Maybe, Yes, Ungradable
- Size: Small, Average, Large, Ungradable
- Excavation: No, Maybe, Yes, Ungradable
- Notch: None, Inferior, Superior, Both, Ungradable
- Tilted: No, Yes, Ungradable

Three glaucoma specialists graded each image and then the results were adjudicated if necessary.
- Quality:
  - If at least 2 of 3 graders agreed on quality, and the third grader was within one level on the scale, that grade was assigned to the image.
  - If there was no agreement between at least 2 graders or if the third grader was off by two or more levels, the image was reviewed in the presence of all graders to achieve consensus.
  - Images judged to be ungradable using this process were not assessed regarding the criteria below.
- Vertical CDR:
  - If at least 2 of 3 graders were within 0.1 on CDR, the median value was assigned to the image.
  - If there was disagreement of at least 0.2 between any two graders, the image was re-reviewed in the presence of all graders and consensus was reached.
- Glaucoma:
  - If at least 2 of 3 graders provided the same grade, and the third grader was within 1 level, that grade was assigned to the image.
  - If there was no agreement between at least 2 graders or if the third grader was off by two or more levels, the image was reviewed in the presence of all graders to achieve consensus.
- Disc Heme:
  - If at least 2 of 3 graders provided the same grade, that grade was assigned to the image.
  - If there was no agreement between at least 2 graders, the image was reviewed in the presence of all graders to achieve consensus.
- Size:
  - If at least 2 of 3 graders provided the same grade, that grade was assigned to the image.
  - If there was no agreement between at least 2 graders, the image was reviewed in the presence of all graders to achieve consensus.
- Excavation:
  - No consensus grade was assigned. The grades of all three graders are were included then an algorithm was applied to determine the final value:
    - If two of the three grades were the same, that grade was assigned to the image
    - If the grades were maybe, no, ungradable, the grade assigned to that image was "ungradable"
    - If the grades were maybe, yes, ungradable, the grade assigned to that image was "ungradable"
    - If the grades were maybe, no, yes, the grade assigned to that image was "yes"
- Notch:
  - No consensus grade was assigned. The grades of all three graders are were included then an algorithm was applied to determine the final value:
    - If two of the three grades were the same, that grade was assigned to the image
    - If the grades were superior, inferior, and both, the grade assigned to that image was "both"
    - If the grades were three different grades and one of those grades was “none”, the grade assigned to that image was "none"
- Tilted:
  - No consensus grade was assigned. The grades of all three graders are were included then an algorithm was applied to determine the final value:
    - If two of the three grades are the same, that grade was assigned to that image
    - If the grades were three different grades (no, yes, ungradable), the grade assigned to that image was "ungradable"

References

National Center for Health Statistics. NHANES Analytic Guidelines are available on the NHANES website.
National Center for Health Statistics. NHANES Digital Grading Protocol is available on the NHANES website.
National Center for Health Statistics. NHANES Ophthalmology Procedures Manual is available on the NHANES website.

Codebook and Frequencies

SEQN - Respondent sequence number

Variable Name:: SEQN
SAS Label:: Respondent sequence number
English Text:: Respondent sequence number.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

OPASCST2 - Exam status

Variable Name:: OPASCST2
SAS Label:: Exam status
English Text:: Retinal Imaging Status
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
1	Complete	2403	2403
2	Partial	101	2504
3	Not done	430	2934
.	Missing	0	2934

OPASCCT2 - Reason for not done/partial

Variable Name:: OPASCCT2
SAS Label:: Reason for not done/partial
English Text:: Retinal Imaging Comment
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
1	Safety exclusion	3	3
2	SP refusal	85	88
3	No time	13	101
4	Physical limitation	94	195
5	Communication problem	22	217
6	Equipment failure	3	220
7	SP ill/emergency	16	236
12	Eye specific limitation	60	296
56	Came late/left early	198	494
72	Error (technician/software/supply)	4	498
84	SP with child	15	513
86	SP Blind	1	514
99	Other, specify	2	516
100	Eye specific limitation: Eye missing/glass eye	1	517
101	Eye specific limitation: Small pupil size	2	519
102	Eye specific limitation: Cataract, right eye	1	520
103	Eye specific limitation: SP unable to keep eyes open	6	526
104	Eye specific limitation: SP unable to fixate adequately	3	529
105	Eye specific limitation: Interference with drooping eyelids	1	530
106	Eye specific limitation: SP not able to control blinking	1	531
.	Missing	2403	2934

VIQ110 - SP has severe eye infection?

Variable Name:: VIQ110
SAS Label:: SP has severe eye infection?
English Text:: Does SP appear to have a severe eye infection in one or both eyes?
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
1	Yes	0	0
2	No	2780	2780
.	Missing	154	2934

VIQ130 - SP wearing eye patch

Variable Name:: VIQ130
SAS Label:: SP wearing eye patch
English Text:: Is SP wearing an eye patch?
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
1	Yes	1	1
2	No	2779	2780
.	Missing	154	2934

VIQ141 - Which eye?

Variable Name:: VIQ141
SAS Label:: Which eye?
English Text:: If so, which eye?
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
1	Right	1	1
2	Left	0	1
3	Both	0	1
.	Missing	2933	2934

OPXDCOMP - Are field 1 & field 2 present, right eye

Variable Name:: OPXDCOMP
SAS Label:: Are field 1 & field 2 present, right eye
English Text:: Are field 1 & field 2 present, right eye?
English Instructions:: Completeness of the photo. If field 1 or field 2 are missing, the photos will be incomplete.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No photos	28	28
1	Incomplete	91	119
2	Complete	2385	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXDF1 - Field 1 Present, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDF1
SAS Label:: Field 1 Present, Right Eye
English Text:: Is field 1 present in the photos of the right eye?
English Instructions:: If present, there is a gradability value, OPXDGRBL.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Absent	100	100
2	Present	2404	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXDF1FO - Field 1 Focus, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDF1FO
SAS Label:: Field 1 Focus, Right Eye
English Text:: Was the optic nerve in focus from the right eye?
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Good/fair	2152	2152
1	Borderline	188	2340
2	Poor	64	2404
.	Missing	530	2934

OPXDF2 - Field 2 Present, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDF2
SAS Label:: Field 2 Present, Right Eye
English Text:: Is field 2 present, Right Eye?
English Instructions:: Was field 2 present in the photos of the right eye? If absent, ARM and ME may not be measurable in this eye. If present, there is a gradability value, OPXDGRBL.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Absent	38	38
2	Present	2466	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXDF2FO - Field 2 Focus, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDF2FO
SAS Label:: Field 2 Focus, Right Eye
English Text:: Field 2 Focus, Right Eye
English Instructions:: Was the Macula Image in Focus from the right eye?
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Good/fair	2118	2118
1	Borderline	241	2359
2	Poor	107	2466
.	Missing	468	2934

OPXDGRBL - Gradability of images, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDGRBL
SAS Label:: Gradability of images, Right Eye
English Text:: Gradability of images, right eye. This assumes at least one digital image of the right eye is available.
English Instructions:: 0=All fields are gradable; 1=Disc is ungradable; 2=Portion of the macula is ungradable; 4= Portion of the disc and macula are ungradable; 5=Disc and macula are ungradable; 6= All available fields are ungradable. Please refer to the NHANES Digital Retinal Image Grading Protocol for more details and definitions.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Gradable	2256	2256
1	Disc ungradable	4	2260
2	Part macula	130	2390
3	Macula ungradable	54	2444
4	Part disc & macula	5	2449
5	Disc & macula ungradable	9	2458
6	Ungradable	18	2476
.	Missing	458	2934

OPXDPMM - Pupil Size, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDPMM
SAS Label:: Pupil Size, Right Eye
English Text:
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative	Skip to Item
1 to 6	Range of Values	2368	2368
.	Missing	566	2934

OPXDPHPR - Photo Problems, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDPHPR
SAS Label:: Photo Problems, Right Eye
English Text:: Photo Problems
English Instructions:: Were there problems with the quality of the images from the right eye?
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1289	1289
2	Yes	1187	2476
9	No photos of eye	28	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXDPHIL - Photo Prob - Illumination, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDPHIL
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Illumination, Right Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Illumination
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2014	2014
2	Yes	462	2476
9	No photos of eye	28	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXDPHFD - Photo Prob - Field Definition, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDPHFD
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Field Definition, Right Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Field Definition
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2399	2399
2	Yes	77	2476
9	No photos of eye	28	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXDPHHZ - Photo Prob - Haze, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDPHHZ
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Haze, Right Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Haze
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1740	1740
2	Yes	736	2476
9	No photos of eye	28	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXDPHDD - Photo Prob - Dust/Dirt, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDPHDD
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Dust/Dirt, Right Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Dust/Dirt
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2190	2190
2	Yes	286	2476
9	No photos of eye	28	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXDPHLA - Photo Prob - Lashes, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDPHLA
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Lashes, Right Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Lashes
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2374	2374
2	Yes	102	2476
9	No photos of eye	28	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXDPHAR - Photo Prob - Arc, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDPHAR
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Arc, Right Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Arc
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2388	2388
2	Yes	88	2476
9	No photos of eye	28	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXDPHRC - Photo Prob - Red Channel, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDPHRC
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Red Channel, Right Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Red Channel
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2468	2468
2	Yes	8	2476
9	No photos of eye	28	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXDPHOT - Photo Prob - Other, Right Eye

Variable Name:: OPXDPHOT
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Other, Right Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Other
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1910	1910
2	Yes	566	2476
9	No photos of eye	28	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPDURET - Retinopathy level, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDURET
SAS Label:: Retinopathy level, worse eye
English Text:: Calculated levels of retinopathy severity, worse eye. The worse eye is the eye with the more severe retinopathy.
English Instructions:: Calculated severity levels are described in more detail in the NHANES Grading Protocol, Retinopathy section. HE=HARD EXUDATES; SE=SOFT EXUDATE; IRMA=INTRARETINAL MICROVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES; VL=VENOUS LOOPS; MAS=MICROANEURYSMS; HEM=HEMORRHAGES; NPR=NON-PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY; RET=RETINOPATHY; PRP LASER=PANRETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION SCARS PRESENT; PR=PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY; HRC=HIGH RISK CHARACTERISTICS AS DEFINED IN THE EARLY TREATMENT DIABETIC RETINOPATHY STUDY; AND VH=VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE Note: Retinopathy is graded masked to diabetes status and retinopathy may be found in persons with and without diabetes (even though value labels may indicate otherwise). Level 12 is indicated when specific nondiabetic disease, e.g. retinal vein occlusion, is present. To examine retinopathy in persons with diabetes use the diabetes definition found in the NHANES Grading Protocol; to examine in nondiabetic persons exclude all persons with diabetes.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
10	No retinopathy	2022	2022
12	Non-diabetic retinal disease specific retinopathy	33	2055
13	Questionable retinopathy	90	2145
14	HE, SE, IRMA, VL but no MAS	11	2156
15	HEM only, no MAS	57	2213
20	MAS only	129	2342
31	Early NPR	47	2389
41	Moderate NPR	52	2441
51	Severe NPR	5	2446
60	Fibrous prolif. only	3	2449
61	No retinopathy but PRP laser	0	2449
62	MAS only + PRP laser	0	2449
63	Early NPR + PRP laser	1	2450
64	Moderate/severe NPR + PRP laser	1	2451
65	PR < HRC	7	2458
70	PR >= HRC	1	2459
80	Total VH	0	2459
.	Missing	475	2934

OPDURL4 - 4 levels retinopathy severity, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDURL4
SAS Label:: 4 levels retinopathy severity, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on four levels of retinopathy severity, from the worse eye. The worse eye is the eye with the more severe retinopathy.
English Instructions:: Four levels of retinopathy severity are computed from variable OPDURET: 1=LEVELS 10-13; 2=LEVELS 14-31; 3=LEVELS 41-51; 4=LEVELS 60-80. This variable is often used in examining associations with retinopathy severity. To collapse further, can combine code 1=No Retinopathy; 2-4=Retinopathy; For a No Proliferative Retinopathy vs. Proliferative analysis, combine 1-3 as Non-Proliferative.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
1	No retinopathy	2145	2145
2	Mild NPR	244	2389
3	Moderate/severe NPR	57	2446
4	PR (Proliferative)	13	2459
.	Missing	475	2934

OPDUARMA - Any retinopathy, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUARMA
SAS Label:: Any retinopathy, worse eye
English Text:: This field is coded for the presence or absence of any retinopathy from the worse eye. The worse eye is the eye with the more severe retinopathy.
English Instructions:: This variable is calculated from the OPDURET variable as follows: 0(No)=LEVELS <14; 1(Yes)=LEVELS>=14
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2145	2145
1	Yes	314	2459
.	Missing	475	2934

OPDUHMA - MAS, HEM, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUHMA
SAS Label:: MAS, HEM, worse eye
English Text:: This summary variable provides information describing microaneurysms (MAS) only, blot hemorrhages (HEM) only, or both, using two severity levels from the ETDRS standard 2A, worse eye.
English Instructions:: Value 5 is more severe than value 4. For MAS only, see variable OPDUMA. For HEM only, see variable OPDUHEM. Combined MAS and/or HEM would include values 2 to 5 as present and values 0 & 1 as none.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2044	2044
1	Questionable	85	2129
2	MAS only	146	2275
3	HEM only	79	2354
4	HEM+MAS < 2A	102	2456
5	HEM+MAS >= 2A	6	2462
.	Missing	472	2934

OPDUMA - Retinal microaneurysms, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUMA
SAS Label:: Retinal microaneurysms, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information only on eyes with retinal microaneurysms and no retinal blot hemorrhage, worse eye.
English Instructions:: This variable is calculated as being present (1=YES) if variable OPDUHMA=2 and absent (0=NO) if OPDUHMA=0 or 1. For eyes with any microaneurysms, recode from OPDUHMA.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2226	2226
1	Yes	177	2403
.	Missing	531	2934

OPDUHEM - Retinal blot hemorrhages, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUHEM
SAS Label:: Retinal blot hemorrhages, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information only on eyes with retinal blot hemorrhages and no microaneurysms in the worse eye.
English Instructions:: This variable is computed as present (1=YES) from OPDUHMA variable code=3 and absent (0=NO) from OPDUHMA variable code=0 or 1. For eyes with any retinal blot hemorrhages, recode from OPDUHMA.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2271	2271
1	Yes	84	2355
.	Missing	579	2934

OPDUHE - Retinal hard exudate, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUHE
SAS Label:: Retinal hard exudate, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of hard exudate in the worse eye. Hard exudate is a result of lipoprotein deposition in the retina and is usually associated with macular edema.
English Instructions:: Can combine code 0=No and 1=Questionable for absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2392	2392
1	Questionable	12	2404
2	Yes	57	2461
.	Missing	473	2934

OPDUSE - Retinal soft exudate, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUSE
SAS Label:: Retinal soft exudate, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of soft exudate in the worse eye. Soft exudate, sometimes called cotton wool spot, is due to retinal nerve fiber layer infarction, a result of retinal ischemia.
English Instructions:: Can combine code 0=No and 1=Questionable for absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2376	2376
1	Questionable	15	2391
2	Yes	71	2462
.	Missing	472	2934

OPDUIRMA - IRMA, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUIRMA
SAS Label:: IRMA, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of Intraretinal Microvascular Abnormalities (IRMA), from the worse eye. IRMA are retinal collateral vessels in areas of retinal ischemia indicating a more severe level of retinopathy. This variable is coded using the ETDRS photo standard, 8A. Eyes with IRMA>=8A have more severe disease than eyes with standard <8A.
English Instructions:: Can combine code 0=None and 1=Questionable for IRMA absent and codes 2 & 3 for IRMA present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2381	2381
1	Questionable	35	2416
2	< 8A	36	2452
3	>= 8A	6	2458
.	Missing	476	2934

OPDUVB - Retinal venous beading, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUVB
SAS Label:: Retinal venous beading, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal venous beading from the worse eye. Venous beading is a manifestation of severe retinal ischemia.
English Instructions:: Can combine code 0=No and 1=Questionable for absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2465	2465
1	Questionable	3	2468
2	Yes	0	2468
.	Missing	466	2934

OPDUNVO - Retinal new vessels on disc, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUNVO
SAS Label:: Retinal new vessels on disc, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal new vessels on the optic disc area, from the worse eye. Retinal new vessels on the optic disc area are a manifestation of proliferative retinopathy due to retinal ischemia. This variable is coded using the ETDRS photo standard, 10A. Eyes with standard>=10A have more new vessels than eyes with standard <10A.
English Instructions:: When combined with other manifestations of proliferative retinopathy is equivalent to OPDURL4=4 (Proliferative). Can combine code 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent; codes 2=<10A with 3=>=10A for present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2466	2466
1	Questionable	2	2468
2	< 10A	4	2472
3	>= 10A	0	2472
.	Missing	462	2934

OPDUNVE - Retinal new vessels elsewhere, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUNVE
SAS Label:: Retinal new vessels elsewhere, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal new vessels elsewhere outside the optic disc margin in the worse eye. Retinal new vessels elsewhere outside the optic disc margin are a manifestation of proliferative retinopathy due to retinal ischemia. The more area affected, the more severe the disease.
English Instructions:: When combined with other manifestations of proliferative retinopathy is equivalent to OPDURL4=4 (Proliferative). Can combine code 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent and code 2=<1/2 DISC AREA with 3=>=1/2 DISC AREA for present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2456	2456
1	Questionable	4	2460
2	< 1/2 Disc Area	4	2464
3	>= 1/2 Disc Area	0	2464
.	Missing	470	2934

OPDURFP - Retinal fibrous proliferation, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDURFP
SAS Label:: Retinal fibrous proliferation, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal fibrous proliferation in the worse eye. Retinal fibrous proliferation is a manifestation of proliferative retinopathy due to retinal ischemia. The more area affected, the greater the disease.
English Instructions:: FPD = Fibrous proliferation within the optic disc area; FPE = Fibrous proliferation elsewhere outside the optic disc margin. When combined with other manifestations of proliferative retinopathy is equivalent to OPDURL4=4. Can combine code 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent; 2=FPD ONLY, 3=FPE ONLY, and 4=FPD + FPE for any present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2458	2458
1	Questionable	4	2462
2	FPD only	2	2464
3	FPE only	1	2465
4	FPD + FPE	3	2468
.	Missing	466	2934

OPDUPHVH - Pre-ret./ vitreous hemorrhage, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUPHVH
SAS Label:: Pre-ret./ vitreous hemorrhage, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of pre-retinal hemorrhage or vitreous hemorrhage in the worse eye. Pre-retinal hemorrhage or vitreous hemorrhage is a manifestation of proliferative retinopathy due to retinal ischemia. The more area is affected, the more severe the disease.
English Instructions:: When combined with other manifestations of proliferative retinopathy is equivalent to OPDURL4=4. Can combine 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent and 2=<1 Disc Area and 3=>= 1 Disc Area for present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2465	2465
1	Questionable	2	2467
2	< 1 Disc Area	0	2467
3	>= 1 Disc Area	1	2468
.	Missing	466	2934

OPDUME - Macular edema, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUME
SAS Label:: Macular edema, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of macular edema by clinical significance from the worse eye. The definition for Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME), found in the NHANES Grading Protocol: CSME is considered present when edema involves the fovea or is within 500 microns of the fovea, or when a 1+disc area of edema is present with at least a portion of it within the macula.
English Instructions:: Increased permeability of retinal capillaries and MAS may result in accumulation of extracellular fluid and thickening of normally compact retinal tissue called Macular Edema. In some cases, the macular edema becomes clinically significant. "OTHER" refers to evidence of macular edema associated with retinopathy often associated with a specific ocular or systemic condition (e.g. retinal vein occlusion). Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable for absent; and 2=Yes, but not CSME and 3=Yes, CSME for any macular edema present; exclude 7 from analysis.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2400	2400
1	Questionable	12	2412
2	Yes, but not CSME	5	2417
3	Yes CSME	24	2441
7	Other	0	2441
.	Missing	493	2934

OPDUMEC - Macular edema in center, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUMEC
SAS Label:: Macular edema in center, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of macular edema in the center from the worse eye. Center involvement specifies involvement of the fovea by macular edema. Cysts indicate more severe involvement, usually associated with visual loss.
English Instructions:: "OTHER" refers to evidence of macular edema associated with retinopathy often associated with a specific ocular or systemic condition (e.g. retinal vein occlusion). Can combine 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent; 2=Present and CSME and 3=CSME with cysts for any present central involvement; exclude 7 from analysis. Can combine with visual acuity data in corresponding eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2415	2415
1	Questionable	8	2423
2	Present and CSME	15	2438
3	CSME with cysts	2	2440
7	Other	1	2441
.	Missing	493	2934

OPDUPPS - Panret. photocoagulation scar, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUPPS
SAS Label:: Panret. photocoagulation scar, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of panretinal photocoagulation scars in the worse eye. Panretinal photocoagulation in a scatter pattern across the retina or in specific areas outside the macular area later results in scarring and is a surrogate for having had active severe disease. Local and/or scatter photocoagulation is usually done to prevent preretinal and vitreous hemorrhage or the development of retinal new vessels.
English Instructions:: In the absence of retinopathy, is usually combined with other signs of proliferative retinopathy which may or may not be present (refer to OPDURET). Can combine 0=None and 1=Questionable/Incomplete for absent; and codes 2, 3, and 4 as present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2453	2453
1	Questionable/incomplete	4	2457
2	Local	1	2458
3	Scatter only	11	2469
4	Scatter + local	0	2469
.	Missing	465	2934

OPDUFOC - Focal photocoag. scars for ME, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUFOC
SAS Label:: Focal photocoag. scars for ME, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of focal laser photocoagulation from the worse eye. It can appear either as treatment of leaking retinal microaneurysms (MA Rx only) or in a grid pattern in macula done for the treatment of localized or diffuse macular edema (Grid only), or sometimes together.
English Instructions:: Can combine codes 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent and codes 2-4 (MA RX only, Grid Only, and MA RX + Grid Rx) for present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2446	2446
1	Questionable	3	2449
2	MA RX only	16	2465
3	Grid only	0	2465
4	MA RX & Grid RX	0	2465
.	Missing	469	2934

OPDUARM - ARM, 3 severity levels, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUARM
SAS Label:: ARM, 3 severity levels, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the 3-level severity classification of age-related macular degeneration (ARM) from the worse eye. Early ARM is defined by presence or absence of drusen and/or pigmentary abnormalities; late ARM by exudative ARM signs and/or geographic atrophy.
English Instructions:: For ANY ARM, can combine codes 1=Early ARM and 2=Late ARM.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No ARM	2220	2220
1	Early ARM	166	2386
2	Late ARM	27	2413
.	Missing	521	2934

OPDUPIGA - Ret. & pigmentary abnorm., worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUPIGA
SAS Label:: Ret. & pigmentary abnorm., worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of increased retinal pigment and/or RPE depigmentation, a manifestation of early ARM in absence of signs of late ARM, from the worse eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2272	2272
1	Yes	142	2414
.	Missing	520	2934

OPDULARM - Late ARM, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDULARM
SAS Label:: Late ARM, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of exudative ARM and/or geographic atrophy from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Late ARM is defined by the presence of signs of exudative ARM and/or geographic atrophy.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2397	2397
1	Yes	27	2424
.	Missing	510	2934

OPDUGA - Geographic atrophy, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUGA
SAS Label:: Geographic atrophy, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of pure geographic atrophy in the absence of signs of Exudative ARM, worse eye
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2397	2397
1	Yes	19	2416
.	Missing	518	2934

OPDUEXU - Exudative ARM, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUEXU
SAS Label:: Exudative ARM, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of exudative ARM from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Exudative ARM is also called neovascular ARM. Sometimes geographic atrophy is present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2416	2416
1	Yes	8	2424
.	Missing	510	2934

OPDUHD - Hard distinct drusen, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUHD
SAS Label:: Hard distinct drusen, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of hard distinct drusen, from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Currently considered not to be a sign of ARM by itself.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	928	928
1	Yes	1484	2412
.	Missing	522	2934

OPDUD125 - Drusen>=125 microns, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUD125
SAS Label:: Drusen>=125 microns, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of large drusen, greater than or equal to 125 microns in diameter, from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Large drusen are considered a sign of early ARM.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2162	2162
1	Yes	255	2417
.	Missing	517	2934

OPDUD500 - Drusen>=500 microns, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUD500
SAS Label:: Drusen>=500 microns, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of large drusen, greater than or equal to 500 microns in diameter, from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Large drusen covering more area indicates more involvement in the macula area.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2309	2309
1	Yes	106	2415
.	Missing	519	2934

OPDUASD - Any soft drusen, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUASD
SAS Label:: Any soft drusen, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of any soft indistinct and/or soft distinct drusen from the worse eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2003	2003
1	Yes	416	2419
.	Missing	515	2934

OPDUSDD - Soft distinct drusen, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUSDD
SAS Label:: Soft distinct drusen, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of soft distinct drusen, from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Soft distinct drusen is a less severe type of drusen than soft indistinct drusen.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2032	2032
1	Yes	387	2419
.	Missing	515	2934

OPDUSID - Soft indistinct drusen, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUSID
SAS Label:: Soft indistinct drusen, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of soft indistinct drusen from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Soft indistinct drusen is a more severe type of drusen than soft distinct drusen.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2288	2288
1	Yes	125	2413
.	Missing	521	2934

OPDUIRP - Increased retinal pigment, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUIRP
SAS Label:: Increased retinal pigment, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of increased retinal pigment due to disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium in early ARM, from the worse eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2277	2277
1	Yes	137	2414
.	Missing	520	2934

OPDURPE - RPE depigmentation, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDURPE
SAS Label:: RPE depigmentation, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of decreased retinal pigmentation due to disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium in early ARM, from the worse eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2336	2336
1	Yes	75	2411
.	Missing	523	2934

OPDUAGA - Any geographic atrophy, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUAGA
SAS Label:: Any geographic atrophy, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of any geographic atrophy from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: This variable differs from the pure geographic atrophy variable, OPDUGA, because exudative ARM may be present concurrently in which case OPDUGA may result from exudative ARM and/or its treatment.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2401	2401
1	Yes	23	2424
.	Missing	510	2934

OPDUPED - RPE/sensory ret. detachment, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUPED
SAS Label:: RPE/sensory ret. detachment, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of Retinal Pigment Epithelial detachment/ Sensory Retinal detachment, a sign of exudative ARM, from the worse eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2417	2417
1	Yes	6	2423
.	Missing	511	2934

OPDUSNV - Subretinal new vessels, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUSNV
SAS Label:: Subretinal new vessels, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of subretinal new vessels, a sign of exudative ARM, from the worse eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2421	2421
1	Yes	2	2423
.	Missing	511	2934

OPDUSUBH - Subretinal hemorrhage, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUSUBH
SAS Label:: Subretinal hemorrhage, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of subretinal hemorrhage, a sign of exudative ARM, from the worse eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2421	2421
1	Yes	3	2424
.	Missing	510	2934

OPDUSFS - Subretinal fibrous scar, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUSFS
SAS Label:: Subretinal fibrous scar, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of subretinal fibrous scar, a sign of exudative ARM, from the worse eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2419	2419
1	Yes	5	2424
.	Missing	510	2934

OPDUARMX - Treatment for ARM, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUARMX
SAS Label:: Treatment for ARM, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of 3 types of treatment for exudative ARM in the worse eye: laser, photodynamic and/or thermal treatment. The presence or absence of these treatments is a sign of exudative ARM.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2423	2423
1	Yes	1	2424
.	Missing	510	2934

OPDUBCO - Retinal artery occlusion, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUBCO
SAS Label:: Retinal artery occlusion, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal artery occlusion (branch or central), a blockage of retinal arteriole or artery resulting in infarction of the retina, from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine codes 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center, to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2477	2477
1	Questionable	2	2479
2	Yes	0	2479
3	Yes, in center	0	2479
.	Missing	455	2934

OPDUBVO - Retinal branch vein occlusion, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUBVO
SAS Label:: Retinal branch vein occlusion, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal branch vein occlusion, a blockage of retinal branch venule (level 12 in the retinopathy severity scale, variable OPDURET), from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine with retinal central vein occlusion (OPDUCVO) to get retinal vein occlusion. Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2459	2459
1	Questionable	4	2463
2	Yes	12	2475
3	Yes, in center	0	2475
.	Missing	459	2934

OPDUCVO - Ret. central vein occlusion, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUCVO
SAS Label:: Ret. central vein occlusion, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal central vein occlusion (RCVO) from the worse eye; blockage of the retinal central vein (level 12 in the retinal severity scale variable, OPDURET).
English Instructions:: Can combine with retinal branch vein occlusion (OPDUBVO) to get retinal vein occlusion. Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2478	2478
1	Questionable	1	2479
2	Yes	1	2480
3	Yes, in center	0	2480
.	Missing	454	2934

OPDUAVN - Retinal AV nicking, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUAVN
SAS Label:: Retinal AV nicking, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal arterio-venous nicking, a pinching of the vein at an artery crossing, from the worse eye. May be secondary to hypertension. Refer to the NHANES Detailed Grading Protocol for more details.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1685	1685
1	Questionable	520	2205
2	Yes	270	2475
.	Missing	459	2934

OPDUFAN - Focal arteriolar narrowing, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUFAN
SAS Label:: Focal arteriolar narrowing, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal focal arteriolar narrowing, focal pinching or narrowing of the arteriole, from the worse eye. May be secondary to hypertension. Refer to the NHANES Detailed Grading Protocol for more details.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2286	2286
1	Questionable	140	2426
2	Yes	40	2466
.	Missing	468	2934

OPDUHOLL - Hollenhorst plaque, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUHOLL
SAS Label:: Hollenhorst plaque, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal arteriolar embolus (Hollenhorst plaque), from the worse eye. Usually fibrin or cholesterol embolus seen in retinal arterioles, often at a bifurcation of the vessel.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2460	2460
1	Questionable	6	2466
2	Yes	10	2476
.	Missing	458	2934

OPDUPPA - Peripapillary atrophy, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUPPA
SAS Label:: Peripapillary atrophy, worse eye
English Text:: This variables provides information on the presence or absence of peripapillary atrophy, defined as retinal-choroidal atrophic area around the disc, from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2215	2215
1	Questionable	71	2286
2	Yes	195	2481
.	Missing	453	2934

OPDUASHY - Asteroid Hyalosis, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUASHY
SAS Label:: Asteroid Hyalosis, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of Asteroid Hyalosis, soap-like crystals floating in the vitreous cavity in front of the retina, which can obstruct the view of retinal lesions, from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2461	2461
1	Questionable	10	2471
2	Yes	12	2483
3	Yes, in center	1	2484
.	Missing	450	2934

OPDUCHRA - Chorioretinal abnormality, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUCHRA
SAS Label:: Chorioretinal abnormality, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of any chorioretinal abnormality from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2471	2471
1	Questionable	1	2472
2	Yes	7	2479
3	Yes, in center	0	2479
.	Missing	455	2934

OPDUMACH - Macular hole, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUMACH
SAS Label:: Macular hole, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of a macular hole, a round sharply defined hole involving the center of the macula, resulting in a decrease in visual acuity, from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent. Can analyze with visual acuity data.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2429	2429
1	Questionable	6	2435
2	Yes	4	2439
.	Missing	495	2934

OPDUCHN - Choroidal nevus, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUCHN
SAS Label:: Choroidal nevus, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of choroidal nevus, a localized increase in the number of pigment bearing cells in choroid, usually round or oval in shape, from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; ; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2314	2314
1	Questionable	51	2365
2	Yes	109	2474
3	Yes, in center	0	2474
.	Missing	460	2934

OPDUOTRX - Any other treatment, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUOTRX
SAS Label:: Any other treatment, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of any other laser treatment for other conditions (i.e. local treatment for retinal detachment), from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; ; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2479	2479
1	Questionable	0	2479
2	Yes	2	2481
3	Yes, in center	0	2481
.	Missing	453	2934

OPDUPOHS - Histoplasmosis syndrome, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUPOHS
SAS Label:: Histoplasmosis syndrome, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome, which usually manifests by peripapillary atrophic scars, focal round chorioretinal active lesions or punched out scars, from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2480	2480
1	Questionable	1	2481
2	Yes	0	2481
3	Yes, in center	0	2481
.	Missing	453	2934

OPDURDET - Retinal detachment, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDURDET
SAS Label:: Retinal detachment, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of traction or traumatic retinal detachment (not ARM Pigment Epithelial Detachment), from the worse eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2468	2468
1	Questionable	3	2471
2	Yes	8	2479
3	Yes, in center	0	2479
.	Missing	455	2934

OPDUSWR - SW, cellophane changes, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUSWR
SAS Label:: SW, cellophane changes, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of epiretinal membrane (cellophane changes), from the worse eye. Epiretinal membrane (cellophane changes) refers to a patch or patches of irregular increased reflection on the inner surface of the retina due to membrane cellophane changes only with no traction.
English Instructions:: Can combine with epiretinal membrane (traction changes) variable (OPDUSWRT). Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1895	1895
1	Questionable	62	1957
2	Yes	456	2413
3	Yes, in center	38	2451
.	Missing	483	2934

OPDUSWRT - SW, traction changes, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUSWRT
SAS Label:: SW, traction changes, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of epiretinal membrane (retinal traction changes), from the worse eye. Epiretinal membrane (retinal traction changes) refers to a patch or patches of irregular increased reflection on the inner surface of the retina due to retinal traction changes of the membrane.
English Instructions:: Can combine with epiretinal membrane cellophane changes, variable OPDUSWR. Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2357	2357
1	Questionable	19	2376
2	Yes	55	2431
3	Yes, in center	15	2446
.	Missing	488	2934

OPDUOTHC - Other ocular conditions, worse eye

Variable Name:: OPDUOTHC
SAS Label:: Other ocular conditions, worse eye
English Text:: This variable provides information of other ocular conditions not graded elsewhere, from the worse eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2347	2347
1	Questionable	18	2365
2	Yes	115	2480
3	Yes, in center	0	2480
.	Missing	454	2934

OPDDRET - Retinopathy level, right eye.

Variable Name:: OPDDRET
SAS Label:: Retinopathy level, right eye.
English Text:: Calculated levels of retinopathy severity, right eye.
English Instructions:: Calculated severity levels are described in more detail in the NHANES Grading Protocol, Retinopathy section. HE=HARD EXUDATES; SE=SOFT EXUDATE; IRMA=INTRARETINAL MICROVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES; VL=VENOUS LOOPS; MAS=MICROANEURYSMS; HEM=HEMORRHAGES; NPR=NON-PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY; RET=RETINOPATHY; PRP LASER=PANRETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION SCARS PRESENT; PR=PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY; HRC=HIGH RISK CHARACTERISTICS AS DEFINED IN THE EARLY TREATMENT DIABETIC RETINOPATHY STUDY; AND VH=VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE Note: Retinopathy is graded masked to diabetes status and retinopathy may be found in persons with and without diabetes (even though value labels may indicate otherwise). Level 12 is indicated when specific nondiabetic disease, e.g. retinal vein occlusion, is present. To examine retinopathy in persons with diabetes use the diabetes definition found in the NHANES Grading Protocol; to examine in nondiabetic persons exclude all persons with diabetes.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
10	No retinopathy	2105	2105
12	Non-diabetic retinal disease specific retinopathy	24	2129
13	Questionable retinopathy	59	2188
14	HE, SE, IRMA, VL but no MAS	7	2195
15	HEM only, no MAS	35	2230
20	MAS only	83	2313
31	Early NPR	38	2351
41	Moderate NPR	42	2393
51	Severe NPR	4	2397
60	Fibrous prolif. only	3	2400
61	No retinopathy but PRP laser	0	2400
62	MAS only + PRP laser	0	2400
63	Early NPR + PRP laser	2	2402
64	Moderate/severe NPR + PRP laser	1	2403
65	PR < HRC	3	2406
70	PR >= HRC	0	2406
80	Total VH	0	2406
.	Missing	528	2934

OPDDRL4 - 4 levels retinopathy severity, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDRL4
SAS Label:: 4 levels retinopathy severity, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on four levels of retinopathy severity, from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Four levels of retinopathy severity are calculated from variable OPDDRET: 1=LEVELS 10-13; 2=LEVELS 14-31; 3=LEVELS 41-51; 4=LEVELS 60-80 This variable is often used in examining associations with retinopathy severity. To collapse further 1=No Retinopathy ; 2-4=Retinopathy; For a No Proliferative Retinopathy vs. Proliferative analysis, combine 1-3 as Non-Proliferative.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
1	No retinopathy	2188	2188
2	Mild NPR	163	2351
3	Moderate/severe NPR	46	2397
4	PR (Proliferative)	9	2406
.	Missing	528	2934

OPDDARMA - Any retinopathy, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDARMA
SAS Label:: Any retinopathy, right eye
English Text:: This field is coded for the presence or absence of any retinopathy from the right eye.
English Instructions:: This variable is computed from the OPDDRET variable as follows: 0(No)=LEVELS <14; 1(Yes)=LEVELS>=14
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2188	2188
1	Yes	218	2406
.	Missing	528	2934

OPDDHMA - MAS, HEM, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDHMA
SAS Label:: MAS, HEM, right eye
English Text:: This summary variable provides information on describing microaneurysms (MAS) only, blot hemorrhages (HEM) only, or both using two severity levels using the ETDRS standard 2A, right eye.
English Instructions:: Value 5 is more severe than value 4. For MAS only, see variable OPDDMA. For HEM only, see variable OPDDHEM. Combined MAS and/or HEM would include values 2 to 5 as present and values 0 & 1 as none.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2123	2123
1	Questionable	58	2181
2	MAS only	105	2286
3	HEM only	45	2331
4	HEM+MAS < 2A	76	2407
5	HEM+MAS >= 2A	3	2410
.	Missing	524	2934

OPDDMA - Retinal microaneurysms, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDMA
SAS Label:: Retinal microaneurysms, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information only on eyes with retinal microaneurysms and no retinal blot hemorrhage, right eye.
English Instructions:: This variable is calculated as being present (1=YES) if variable OPDDHMA=2 and absent (0=NO) if OPDDHMA=0 or 1. For eyes with any microaneurysms, recode from OPDDHMA.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2181	2181
1	Yes	105	2286
.	Missing	648	2934

OPDDHEM - Retinal blot hemorrhages, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDHEM
SAS Label:: Retinal blot hemorrhages, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information only on eyes with retinal blot hemorrhages and no microaneurysms in the right eye.
English Instructions:: This variable is computed as present (1=YES) from OPDDHMA variable code=3 and absent (0=NO) from OPDDHMA variable code=0 or 1. For eyes with any retinal blot hemorrhages, recode from OPDDHMA.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2181	2181
1	Yes	45	2226
.	Missing	708	2934

OPDDHE - Retinal hard exudate, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDHE
SAS Label:: Retinal hard exudate, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of hard exudate in the right eye. Hard exudate is a result of lipoprotein deposition in the retina and is usually associated with macular edema.
English Instructions:: Can combine code 0=No and 1=Questionable for absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2355	2355
1	Questionable	10	2365
2	Yes	43	2408
.	Missing	526	2934

OPDDSE - Retinal soft exudate, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDSE
SAS Label:: Retinal soft exudate, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of soft exudate in the right eye. Soft exudate, sometimes called cotton wool spot, is due to retinal nerve fiber layer infarction, a result of retinal ischemia.
English Instructions:: Can combine code 0=No and 1=Questionable for absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2350	2350
1	Questionable	8	2358
2	Yes	50	2408
.	Missing	526	2934

OPDDIRMA - IRMA, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDIRMA
SAS Label:: IRMA, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of Intraretinal Microvascular Abnormalities (IRMA), from the right eye. IRMA are retinal collateral vessels in areas of retinal ischemia indicating a more severe level of retinopathy. This variable is coded using the ETDRS photo standard, 8A. Eyes with IRMA>=8A have more severe disease than eyes with standard <8A.
English Instructions:: Can combine code 0=None and 1=Questionable for IRMA absent and codes 2 & 3 for IRMA present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2351	2351
1	Questionable	21	2372
2	< 8A	27	2399
3	>= 8A	5	2404
.	Missing	530	2934

OPDDVB - Retinal venous beading, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDVB
SAS Label:: Retinal venous beading, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal venous beading from the right eye. Venous beading is a manifestation of severe retinal ischemia.
English Instructions:: Can combine code 0=No and 1=Questionable for absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2416	2416
1	Questionable	1	2417
2	Yes	0	2417
.	Missing	517	2934

OPDDNVO - Retinal new vessels on disc, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDNVO
SAS Label:: Retinal new vessels on disc, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal new vessels on the optic disc area, from the right eye. Retinal new vessels on the optic disc area are a manifestation of proliferative retinopathy due to retinal ischemia. This variable is coded using the ETDRS photo standard, 10A. Eyes with standard>=10A have more severe vessels than eyes with standard <10A.
English Instructions:: When combined with other manifestations of proliferative retinopathy is equivalent to OPDDRL4=4 (Proliferative). Can combine code 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent; codes 2=<10A with 3=>=10A for present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2427	2427
1	Questionable	2	2429
2	< 10A	1	2430
3	>= 10A	0	2430
.	Missing	504	2934

OPDDNVE - Retinal new vessels elsewhere, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDNVE
SAS Label:: Retinal new vessels elsewhere, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal new vessels elsewhere outside the optic disc margin in the right eye. Retinal new vessels elsewhere outside the optic disc margin are a manifestation of proliferative retinopathy due to retinal ischemia. The more area affected, the more severe the disease.
English Instructions:: When combined with other manifestations of proliferative retinopathy is equivalent to OPDDRL4=4 (Proliferative). Can combine code 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent and code 2=<1/2 DISC AREA with 3=>=1/2 DISC AREA for present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2411	2411
1	Questionable	3	2414
2	< 1/2 Disc Area	2	2416
3	>= 1/2 Disc Area	0	2416
.	Missing	518	2934

OPDDRFP - Retinal fibrous proliferation, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDRFP
SAS Label:: Retinal fibrous proliferation, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal fibrous proliferation in the right eye. Retinal fibrous proliferation is a manifestation of proliferative retinopathy due to retinal ischemia. The more area affected, the greater the disease.
English Instructions:: FPD = Fibrous proliferation within the optic disc area; FPE = Fibrous proliferation elsewhere outside the optic disc margin. When combined with other manifestations of proliferative retinopathy is equivalent to OPDDRL4=4. Can combine code 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent; 2=FPD ONLY, 3=FPE ONLY, and 4=FPD + FPE for any present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2415	2415
1	Questionable	3	2418
2	FPD only	0	2418
3	FPE only	2	2420
4	FPD + FPE	1	2421
.	Missing	513	2934

OPDDPHVH - Pre-ret./ vitreous hemorrhage, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDPHVH
SAS Label:: Pre-ret./ vitreous hemorrhage, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of pre-retinal hemorrhage or vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye. Pre-retinal hemorrhage or vitreous hemorrhage is a manifestation of proliferative retinopathy due to retinal ischemia. The more area is affected, the more severe the disease.
English Instructions:: When combined with other manifestations of proliferative retinopathy is equivalent to OPDDRL4=4. Can combine 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent and 2=<1 Disc Area and 3=>= 1 Disc Area for present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2421	2421
1	Questionable	1	2422
2	< 1 Disc Area	0	2422
3	>= 1 Disc Area	0	2422
.	Missing	512	2934

OPDDME - Macular edema, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDME
SAS Label:: Macular edema, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of macular edema by clinical significance from the right eye. The definition for Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME), found in the NHANES Grading Protocol: CSME is considered present when edema involves the fovea or is within 500 microns of the fovea, or when a 1+disc area of edema is present with at least a portion of it within the macula.
English Instructions:: Increased permeability of retinal capillaries and MAS may result in accumulation of extracellular fluid and thickening of normally compact retinal tissue called Macular Edema. In some cases, the macular edema becomes clinically significant. "OTHER" refers to evidence of macular edema associated with retinopathy often associated with a specific ocular or systemic condition (e.g. retinal vein occlusion). Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable for absent; and 2=Yes, but not CSME and 3=Yes, CSME for any macular edema present; exclude 7 from analysis.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2343	2343
1	Questionable	11	2354
2	Yes, but not CSME	6	2360
3	Yes CSME	15	2375
7	Other	0	2375
.	Missing	559	2934

OPDDMEC - Macular edema in center, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDMEC
SAS Label:: Macular edema in center, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of macular edema in the center from the right eye. Center involvement specifies involvement of the fovea by macular edema. Cysts indicate more severe involvement, usually associated with visual loss.
English Instructions:: "OTHER" refers to evidence of macular edema associated with retinopathy often associated with a specific ocular or systemic condition (e.g. retinal vein occlusion). Can combine 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent; 2=Present and CSME and 3=CSME with cysts for any present central involvement; exclude 7 from analysis. Can combine with visual acuity data in corresponding eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2359	2359
1	Questionable	5	2364
2	Present and CSME	9	2373
3	CSME with cysts	2	2375
7	Other	0	2375
.	Missing	559	2934

OPDDPPS - Panret. photocoagulation scar, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDPPS
SAS Label:: Panret. photocoagulation scar, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of panretinal photocoagulation scars in the right eye. Panretinal photocoagulation in a scatter pattern across the retina or in specific areas outside the macular area later results in scarring and is a surrogate for having had active severe disease. Local and/or scatter photocoagulation is usually done to prevent preretinal and vitreous hemorrhage or the development of retinal new vessels.
English Instructions:: In the absence of retinopathy, is usually combined with other signs of proliferative retinopathy which may or may not be present (refer to OPDURET). Can combine 0=None and 1=Questionable/Incomplete for absent; and codes 2, 3, and 4 as present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2409	2409
1	Questionable/incomplete	2	2411
2	Local	0	2411
3	Scatter only	8	2419
4	Scatter + local	0	2419
.	Missing	515	2934

OPDDFOC - Focal photocoag. scars for ME, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDFOC
SAS Label:: Focal photocoag. scars for ME, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of focal laser photocoagulation from the right eye. It can appear either as treatment of leaking retinal microaneurysms (MA Rx only) or in a grid pattern in macula done for the treatment of localized or diffuse macular edema (Grid only), or sometimes together.
English Instructions:: Can combine codes 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent and codes 2-4 (MA RX only, Grid Only, and MA RX + Grid Rx) for present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2404	2404
1	Questionable	1	2405
2	MA RX only	12	2417
3	Grid only	0	2417
4	MA RX & Grid RX	0	2417
.	Missing	517	2934

OPDDARM - ARM, 3 severity levels, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDARM
SAS Label:: ARM, 3 severity levels, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the 3-level severity classification of age-related macular degeneration (ARM) from the right eye. Early ARM is defined by presence or absence of drusen and/or pigmentary abnormalities; late ARM by exudative ARM signs and/or geographic atrophy.
English Instructions:: Can combine codes 1=Early ARM and 2=Late ARM.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No ARM	2182	2182
1	Early ARM	131	2313
2	Late ARM	22	2335
.	Missing	599	2934

OPDDPIGA - Ret. & pigmentary abnorm., right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDPIGA
SAS Label:: Ret. & pigmentary abnorm., right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of increased retinal pigment and/or RPE depigmentation, a manifestation of early ARM in absence of signs of late ARM, from the right eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2230	2230
1	Yes	108	2338
.	Missing	596	2934

OPDDLARM - Late ARM, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDLARM
SAS Label:: Late ARM, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of exudative ARM and/or geographic atrophy from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Late ARM is defined by the presence of signs of exudative ARM and/or geographic atrophy.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2334	2334
1	Yes	22	2356
.	Missing	578	2934

OPDDGA - Geographic atrophy, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDGA
SAS Label:: Geographic atrophy, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of pure geographic atrophy in the absence of signs of Exudative ARM, right eye
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2334	2334
1	Yes	17	2351
.	Missing	583	2934

OPDDEXU - Exudative ARM, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDEXU
SAS Label:: Exudative ARM, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of exudative ARM from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Exudative ARM is also called neovascular ARM. Sometimes geographic atrophy is present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2351	2351
1	Yes	5	2356
.	Missing	578	2934

OPDDAREX - Excluded for ARM, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDAREX
SAS Label:: Excluded for ARM, right eye
English Text:: Was the right eye excluded for ARM?
English Instructions:: ARM may not be ascertained for many reasons, refer to OPDDREA for the reason for ARM exclusion.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2360	2360
1	Yes	35	2395
.	Missing	539	2934

OPDDREA - Reason for ARM exclusion, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDREA
SAS Label:: Reason for ARM exclusion, right eye
English Text:: If a condition exists in the macula which confounds the grader from evaluating Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARM) lesions from similar changes in the retina due to another process the eye is excluded (cannot grade) from evaluation of all ARM lesions from the right eye.
English Instructions:: This variable lists reasons such as trauma, laser treatment, retinal vessel occlusion, retinal dystrophy, myopic degeneration, presumed ocular histoplasmosis or chorioretinal taxoplasmosis scar, nonspecific inflammatory retinal lesion, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), non ARM retinal pigment epithelial abnormality, non ARM detachment, unknown, other, and/or a retinal coloboma or staphyloma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2411	2411
1	Trauma	0	2411
2	Laser RX	15	2426
3	Vessel occlusion	0	2426
4	Macular dystrophy	1	2427
5	Myopic degeneration	1	2428
6	Histoplasmosis/toxoplasmosis	1	2429
7	Inflammatory lesion	1	2430
9	Retinopathy of prematurity	0	2430
10	Non-ARM RPE abnormality	5	2435
11	Non-ARM detachment	0	2435
12	Unknown etiology	5	2440
15	Other	6	2446
16	Coloboma/staphyloma	0	2446
99	No photos of eye	28	2474
.	Missing	460	2934

OPDDHD - Hard distinct drusen, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDHD
SAS Label:: Hard distinct drusen, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of hard distinct drusen, from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Currently considered not to be a sign of ARM by itself.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1171	1171
1	Yes	1172	2343
.	Missing	591	2934

OPDDD125 - Drusen>=125 microns, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDD125
SAS Label:: Drusen>=125 microns, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of large drusen, greater than or equal to 125 microns in diameter, from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Large drusen are considered a sign of early ARM.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2178	2178
1	Yes	169	2347
.	Missing	587	2934

OPDDD500 - Drusen>=500 microns, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDD500
SAS Label:: Drusen>=500 microns, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of large drusen, greater than or equal to 500 microns in diameter, from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Large drusen covering more area indicates more involvement in the macula area.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2260	2260
1	Yes	83	2343
.	Missing	591	2934

OPDDASD - Any soft drusen, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDASD
SAS Label:: Any soft drusen, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of any soft indistinct and/or soft distinct drusen from the right eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2070	2070
1	Yes	278	2348
.	Missing	586	2934

OPDDSDD - Soft distinct drusen, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDSDD
SAS Label:: Soft distinct drusen, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of soft distinct drusen, from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Soft distinct drusen is a less severe type of drusen than soft indistinct drusen.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2095	2095
1	Yes	253	2348
.	Missing	586	2934

OPDDSID - Soft indistinct drusen, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDSID
SAS Label:: Soft indistinct drusen, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of soft indistinct drusen from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Soft indistinct drusen is a more severe type of drusen than soft distinct drusen.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2247	2247
1	Yes	91	2338
.	Missing	596	2934

OPDDIRP - Increased retinal pigment, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDIRP
SAS Label:: Increased retinal pigment, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of increased retinal pigment due to disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium in early ARM, from the right eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2232	2232
1	Yes	105	2337
.	Missing	597	2934

OPDDRPE - RPE depigmentation, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDRPE
SAS Label:: RPE depigmentation, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of decreased retinal pigmentation due to disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium in early ARM, from the right eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2279	2279
1	Yes	54	2333
.	Missing	601	2934

OPDDAGA - Any geographic atrophy, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDAGA
SAS Label:: Any geographic atrophy, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of any geographic atrophy from the right eye.
English Instructions:: This variable differs from the pure geographic atrophy variable, OPDDGA, because exudative ARM may be present concurrently in which case OPDDGA may result from exudative ARM and/or its treatment.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2337	2337
1	Yes	19	2356
.	Missing	578	2934

OPDDPED - RPE/sensory ret. detachment, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDPED
SAS Label:: RPE/sensory ret. detachment, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of Retinal Pigment Epithelial detachment/ Sensory Retinal detachment, a sign of exudative ARM, from the right eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2351	2351
1	Yes	4	2355
.	Missing	579	2934

OPDDSNV - Subretinal new vessels, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDSNV
SAS Label:: Subretinal new vessels, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of subretinal new vessels, a sign of exudative ARM, from the right eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2354	2354
1	Yes	1	2355
.	Missing	579	2934

OPDDSUBH - Subretinal hemorrhage, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDSUBH
SAS Label:: Subretinal hemorrhage, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of subretinal hemorrhage, a sign of exudative ARM, from the right eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2352	2352
1	Yes	3	2355
.	Missing	579	2934

OPDDSFS - Subretinal fibrous scar, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDSFS
SAS Label:: Subretinal fibrous scar, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of subretinal fibrous scar, a sign of exudative ARM, from the right eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2354	2354
1	Yes	2	2356
.	Missing	578	2934

OPDDARMX - Treatment for ARM, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDARMX
SAS Label:: Treatment for ARM, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of 3 types of treatment for exudative ARM in the right eye: laser, photodynamic and/or thermal treatment. The presence or absence of these treatments is a sign of exudative ARM.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2356	2356
1	Yes	0	2356
.	Missing	578	2934

OPDDBCO - Retinal artery occlusion, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDBCO
SAS Label:: Retinal artery occlusion, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal artery occlusion (branch or central), a blockage of retinal arteriole or artery resulting infarction of the retina, from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine codes 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center, to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2437	2437
1	Questionable	2	2439
2	Yes	0	2439
3	Yes, in center	0	2439
.	Missing	495	2934

OPDDBVO - Retinal branch vein occlusion, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDBVO
SAS Label:: Retinal branch vein occlusion, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal branch vein occlusion, a blockage of retinal branch venule (level 12 in the retinopathy severity scale, variable OPDURET), from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine with retinal central vein occlusion (OPDDCVO) to get retinal vein occlusion. Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2425	2425
1	Questionable	2	2427
2	Yes	8	2435
3	Yes, in center	0	2435
.	Missing	499	2934

OPDDCVO - Ret. central vein occlusion, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDCVO
SAS Label:: Ret. central vein occlusion, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal central vein occlusion (RCVO) from the right eye; blockage of the retinal central vein (level 12 in the retinal severity scale variable, OPDDRET).
English Instructions:: Can combine with retinal branch vein occlusion (OPDDBVO) to get retinal vein occlusion. Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2439	2439
1	Questionable	1	2440
2	Yes	0	2440
3	Yes, in center	0	2440
.	Missing	494	2934

OPDDAVN - Retinal AV nicking, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDAVN
SAS Label:: Retinal AV nicking, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal arterio-venous nicking, a pinching of the vein at an artery crossing, from the right eye. May be secondary to hypertension. Refer to the NHANES Detailed Grading Protocol for more details.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1916	1916
1	Questionable	349	2265
2	Yes	165	2430
.	Missing	504	2934

OPDDFAN - Focal arteriolar narrowing, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDFAN
SAS Label:: Focal arteriolar narrowing, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal focal arteriolar narrowing, focal pinching or narrowing of the arteriole, from the right eye. May be secondary to hypertension. Refer to the NHANES Detailed Grading Protocol for more details.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2308	2308
1	Questionable	91	2399
2	Yes	22	2421
.	Missing	513	2934

OPDDHOLL - Hollenhorst plaque, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDHOLL
SAS Label:: Hollenhorst plaque, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal arteriolar embolus (Hollenhorst plaque), from the worse eye. Usually fibrin or cholesterol embolus seen in retinal arterioles, often at a bifurcation of the vessel.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2427	2427
1	Questionable	3	2430
2	Yes	5	2435
.	Missing	499	2934

OPDDPPA - Peripapillary atrophy, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDPPA
SAS Label:: Peripapillary atrophy, right eye
English Text:: This variables provides information on the presence or absence of peripapillary atrophy, defined as retinal-choroidal atrophic area around the disc, from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2234	2234
1	Questionable	54	2288
2	Yes	149	2437
.	Missing	497	2934

OPDDASHY - Asteroid Hyalosis, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDASHY
SAS Label:: Asteroid Hyalosis, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of Asteroid Hyalosis, soap-like crystals floating in the vitreous cavity in front of the retina, which can obstruct the view of retinal lesions, from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2435	2435
1	Questionable	5	2440
2	Yes	4	2444
3	Yes, in center	1	2445
.	Missing	489	2934

OPDDCHRA - Chorioretinal abnormality, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDCHRA
SAS Label:: Chorioretinal abnormality, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of any chorioretinal abnormality from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2434	2434
1	Questionable	0	2434
2	Yes	3	2437
3	Yes, in center	0	2437
.	Missing	497	2934

OPDDMACH - Macular hole, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDMACH
SAS Label:: Macular hole, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of a macular hole, a round sharply defined hole involving the center of the macula, resulting in a decrease in visual acuity, from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent. Can analyze with visual acuity data.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2371	2371
1	Questionable	5	2376
2	Yes	2	2378
.	Missing	556	2934

OPDDCHN - Choroidal nevus, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDCHN
SAS Label:: Choroidal nevus, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of choroidal nevus, a localized increase in the number of pigment bearing cells in choroid, usually round or oval in shape, from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; ; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2353	2353
1	Questionable	23	2376
2	Yes	57	2433
3	Yes, in center	0	2433
.	Missing	501	2934

OPDDOTRX - Any other treatment, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDOTRX
SAS Label:: Any other treatment, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of any other laser treatment for other conditions (i.e. local treatment for retinal detachment), from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; ; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2438	2438
1	Questionable	0	2438
2	Yes	1	2439
3	Yes, in center	0	2439
.	Missing	495	2934

OPDDPOHS - Histoplasmosis syndrome, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDPOHS
SAS Label:: Histoplasmosis syndrome, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome, which usually manifests by peripapillary atrophic scars, focal round chorioretinal active lesions or punched out scars, from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2439	2439
1	Questionable	0	2439
2	Yes	0	2439
3	Yes, in center	0	2439
.	Missing	495	2934

OPDDRDET - Retinal detachment, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDRDET
SAS Label:: Retinal detachment, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of traction or traumatic retinal detachment (not ARM Pigment Epithelial Detachment), from the right eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2431	2431
1	Questionable	2	2433
2	Yes	4	2437
3	Yes, in center	0	2437
.	Missing	497	2934

OPDDSWR - SW, cellophane changes, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDSWR
SAS Label:: SW, cellophane changes, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of epiretinal membrane (cellophane changes), from the right eye. Epiretinal membrane (cellophane changes) refers to a patch or patches of irregular increased reflection on the inner surface of the retina due to membrane cellophane changes only with no traction.
English Instructions:: Can combine with epiretinal membrane (traction changes) variable (OPDDSWRT). Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2016	2016
1	Questionable	41	2057
2	Yes	313	2370
3	Yes, in center	16	2386
.	Missing	548	2934

OPDDSWRT - SW, traction changes, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDSWRT
SAS Label:: SW, traction changes, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of epiretinal membrane (retinal traction changes), from the right eye. Epiretinal membrane (retinal traction changes) refers to a patch or patches of irregular increased reflection on the inner surface of the retina due to retinal traction changes of the membrane.
English Instructions:: Can combine with epiretinal membrane cellophane changes, variable OPDDSWR. Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2338	2338
1	Questionable	11	2349
2	Yes	27	2376
3	Yes, in center	8	2384
.	Missing	550	2934

OPDDOTHC - Other ocular conditions, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDOTHC
SAS Label:: Other ocular conditions, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides information of other ocular conditions not graded elsewhere, from the right eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2345	2345
1	Questionable	15	2360
2	Yes	78	2438
3	Yes, in center	0	2438
.	Missing	496	2934

OPDDVCDR - Vertical cup disc ratio, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDVCDR
SAS Label:: Vertical cup disc ratio, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides the vertical cup to disc ratio, in microns, from the right eye.
English Instructions:: The vertical cup to disc ratio is from 0 to 1.0.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative	Skip to Item
0.12 to 0.92	Range of Values	2403	2403
.	Missing	531	2934

OPXDQUAL - Quality, right eye

Variable Name:: OPXDQUAL
SAS Label:: Quality, right eye
English Text:: The quality of images with a cup-to-disc ratio >= 0.6 was re-assessed before the images were re-read to look for indicators suggesting the presence of glaucoma. Quality, right eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Excellent	27	27
1	Good	186	213
2	Fair	66	279
3	Poor	17	296
4	Ungradable	6	302
.	Missing	2632	2934

OPXDRCDR - Vertical CDR, re-read images, right eye

Variable Name:: OPXDRCDR
SAS Label:: Vertical CDR, re-read images, right eye
English Text:: This variable provides the vertical cup disc ratio, in microns, from images that were re-read, right eye.
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.The VCDR is from 0 to 1.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0 to 1	Range of Values	296	296
2	Ungradable	6	302
.	Missing	2632	2934

OPXDGLAU - Glaucoma, right eye

Variable Name:: OPXDGLAU
SAS Label:: Glaucoma, right eye
English Text:: Glaucoma, right eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	189	189
1	Possible	61	250
2	Probable	32	282
3	Definite	14	296
4	Ungradable	6	302
.	Missing	2632	2934

OPXDHEME - Disc Heme, right eye

Variable Name:: OPXDHEME
SAS Label:: Disc Heme, right eye
English Text:: Heme, right eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	293	293
1	Yes	0	293
2	Maybe	3	296
3	Ungradable	6	302
.	Missing	2632	2934

OPXDSIZE - Size, right eye

Variable Name:: OPXDSIZE
SAS Label:: Size, right eye
English Text:: Size, right eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Small	44	44
1	Average	231	275
2	Large	21	296
3	Ungradable	6	302
.	Missing	2632	2934

OPDDEXC - Excavation, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDEXC
SAS Label:: Excavation, right eye
English Text:: Excavation, right eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	177	177
1	Yes	58	235
2	Maybe	58	293
3	Ungradable	9	302
.	Missing	2632	2934

OPDDNOT - Notch, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDNOT
SAS Label:: Notch, right eye
English Text:: Notch, right eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	277	277
1	Inferior	9	286
2	Superior	6	292
3	Both	4	296
4	Ungradable	6	302
.	Missing	2632	2934

OPDDTIL - Tilted, right eye

Variable Name:: OPDDTIL
SAS Label:: Tilted, right eye
English Text:: Tilted, right eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	289	289
1	Yes	7	296
3	Ungradable	6	302
.	Missing	2632	2934

OPXSCOMP - Are field 1 & field 2 present, left eye

Variable Name:: OPXSCOMP
SAS Label:: Are field 1 & field 2 present, left eye
English Text:: Are field 1 & field 2 present, left eye?
English Instructions:: Completeness of the photo. If field 1 or field 2 are missing, the photos will be incomplete.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No photos	20	20
1	Incomplete	110	130
2	Complete	2374	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXSF1 - Field 1 Present, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSF1
SAS Label:: Field 1 Present, Left Eye
English Text:: Is field 1 present in the photos of the left eye?
English Instructions:: If present, there is a gradability value, OPXSGRBL.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Absent	103	103
2	Present	2401	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXSF1FO - Field 1 Focus, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSF1FO
SAS Label:: Field 1 Focus, Left Eye
English Text:: Was the optic nerve in focus from the left eye?
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Good/fair	2204	2204
1	Borderline	151	2355
2	Poor	46	2401
.	Missing	533	2934

OPXSF2 - Field 2 Present, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSF2
SAS Label:: Field 2 Present, Left Eye
English Text:: Is field 2 present, Left Eye?
English Instructions:: Was field 2 present in the photos of the left eye? If absent, ARM and ME may not be measurable in this eye. If present, there is a gradability value, OPXSGRBL.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Absent	43	43
2	Present	2461	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXSF2FO - Field 2 Focus, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSF2FO
SAS Label:: Field 2 Focus, Left Eye
English Text:: Field 2 Focus, Left eye
English Instructions:: Was the Macula Image in Focus from the left eye?
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Good/fair	2172	2172
1	Borderline	204	2376
2	Poor	85	2461
.	Missing	473	2934

OPXSGRBL - Gradability of images, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSGRBL
SAS Label:: Gradability of images, Left Eye
English Text:: Gradability of images, left eye. This assumes at least one digital image of the left eye is available.
English Instructions:: 0=All fields are gradable; 1=Disc is ungradable; 2=Portion of the macula is ungradable; 4= Portion of the disc and macula are ungradable; 5=Disc and macula are ungradable; 6= All available fields are ungradable. Please refer to the NHANES Digital Retinal Image Grading Protocol for more details and definitions.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Gradable	2271	2271
1	Disc ungradable	6	2277
2	Part macula	105	2382
3	Macula ungradable	68	2450
4	Part disc & macula	7	2457
5	Disc & macula ungradable	10	2467
6	Ungradable	17	2484
.	Missing	450	2934

OPXSPMM - Pupil Size, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSPMM
SAS Label:: Pupil Size, Left Eye
English Text:
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative	Skip to Item
1 to 6	Range of Values	2369	2369
.	Missing	565	2934

OPXSPHPR - Photo Problems, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSPHPR
SAS Label:: Photo Problems, Left Eye
English Text:: Photo Problems
English Instructions:: Were there problems with the quality of the images from the left eye?
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1274	1274
2	Yes	1210	2484
9	No photos of eye	20	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXSPHIL - Photo Prob - Illumination, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSPHIL
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Illumination, Left Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Illumination
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1994	1994
2	Yes	490	2484
9	No photos of eye	20	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXSPHFD - Photo Prob - Field Definition, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSPHFD
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Field Definition, Left Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Field Definition
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2379	2379
2	Yes	105	2484
9	No photos of eye	20	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXSPHHZ - Photo Prob - Haze, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSPHHZ
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Haze, Left Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Haze
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1765	1765
2	Yes	719	2484
9	No photos of eye	20	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXSPHDD - Photo Prob - Dust/Dirt, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSPHDD
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Dust/Dirt, Left Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Dust/Dirt
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2196	2196
2	Yes	288	2484
9	No photos of eye	20	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXSPHLA - Photo Prob - Lashes, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSPHLA
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Lashes, Left Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Lashes
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2370	2370
2	Yes	114	2484
9	No photos of eye	20	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXSPHAR - Photo Prob - Arc, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSPHAR
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Arc, Left Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Arc
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2407	2407
2	Yes	77	2484
9	No photos of eye	20	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXSPHRC - Photo Prob - Red Channel, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSPHRC
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Red Channel, Left Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Red Channel
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2480	2480
2	Yes	4	2484
9	No photos of eye	20	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPXSPHOT - Photo Prob - Other, Left Eye

Variable Name:: OPXSPHOT
SAS Label:: Photo Prob - Other, Left Eye
English Text:: Photo Problem - Other
English Instructions:: If other is coded describe the problem or artifact from the left eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1901	1901
2	Yes	583	2484
9	No photos of eye	20	2504
.	Missing	430	2934

OPDSRET - Retinopathy level, left eye.

Variable Name:: OPDSRET
SAS Label:: Retinopathy level, left eye.
English Text:: Calculated levels of retinopathy severity, left eye.
English Instructions:: Calculated severity levels are described in more detail in the NHANES Grading Protocol, Retinopathy section. HE=HARD EXUDATES; SE=SOFT EXUDATE; IRMA=INTRARETINAL MICROVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES; VL=VENOUS LOOPS; MAS=MICROANEURYSMS; HEM=HEMORRHAGES; NPR=NON-PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY; RET=RETINOPATHY; PRP LASER=PANRETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION SCARS PRESENT; PR=PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY; HRC=HIGH RISK CHARACTERISTICS AS DEFINED IN THE EARLY TREATMENT DIABETIC RETINOPATHY STUDY; AND VH=VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE Note: Retinopathy is graded masked to diabetes status and retinopathy may be found in persons with and without diabetes (even though value labels may indicate otherwise). Level 12 is indicated when specific nondiabetic disease, e.g. retinal vein occlusion, is present. To examine retinopathy in persons with diabetes use the diabetes definition found in the NHANES Grading Protocol; to examine in nondiabetic persons exclude all persons with diabetes.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
10	No retinopathy	2124	2124
12	Non-diabetic retinal disease specific retinopathy	22	2146
13	Questionable retinopathy	59	2205
14	HE, SE, IRMA, VL but no MAS	8	2213
15	HEM only, no MAS	30	2243
20	MAS only	77	2320
31	Early NPR	35	2355
41	Moderate NPR	40	2395
51	Severe NPR	2	2397
60	Fibrous prolif. only	2	2399
61	No retinopathy but PRP laser	1	2400
62	MAS only + PRP laser	0	2400
63	Early NPR + PRP laser	0	2400
64	Moderate/severe NPR + PRP laser	0	2400
65	PR < HRC	5	2405
70	PR >= HRC	1	2406
80	Total VH	0	2406
.	Missing	528	2934

OPDSRL4 - 4 levels retinopathy severity, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSRL4
SAS Label:: 4 levels retinopathy severity, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on four levels of retinopathy severity, from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Four levels of retinopathy severity are computed from variable OPDSRET: 1=LEVELS 10-13; 2=LEVELS 14-31; 3=LEVELS 41-51; 4=LEVELS 60-80 This variable is often used in examining associations with retinopathy severity. To collapse further 1=No Retinopathy; 2-4=Retinopathy; For a No Proliferative Retinopathy vs. Proliferative analysis, combine 1-3 as Non-Proliferative.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
1	No retinopathy	2205	2205
2	Mild NPR	150	2355
3	Moderate/severe NPR	42	2397
4	PR (Proliferative)	9	2406
.	Missing	528	2934

OPDSARMA - Any retinopathy, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSARMA
SAS Label:: Any retinopathy, left eye
English Text:: This field is coded for the presence or absence of any retinopathy from the left eye.
English Instructions:: This variable is computed from the OPDSRET variable as follows: 0(No)=LEVELS <14; 1(Yes)=LEVELS>=14
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2205	2205
1	Yes	201	2406
.	Missing	528	2934

OPDSHMA - MAS, HEM, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSHMA
SAS Label:: MAS, HEM, left eye
English Text:: This summary variable provides information on describing microaneurysms (MAS) only, blot hemorrhages (HEM) only, or both using two severity levels using the ETDRS standard 2A, left eye.
English Instructions:: Value 5 is more severe than value 4. For MAS only, see variable OPDSMA. For HEM only, see variable OPDSHEM. Combined MAS and/or HEM would include values 2 to 5 as present and values 0 & 1 as none.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2144	2144
1	Questionable	58	2202
2	MAS only	97	2299
3	HEM only	40	2339
4	HEM+MAS < 2A	68	2407
5	HEM+MAS >= 2A	3	2410
.	Missing	524	2934

OPDSMA - Retinal microaneurysms, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSMA
SAS Label:: Retinal microaneurysms, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information only on eyes with retinal microaneurysms and no retinal blot hemorrhage, left eye.
English Instructions:: This variable is calculated as being present (1=YES) if variable OPDSHMA=2 and absent (0=NO) if OPDSHMA=0 or 1. For eyes with any microaneurysms, recode from OPDSHMA.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2202	2202
1	Yes	97	2299
.	Missing	635	2934

OPDSHEM - Retinal blot hemorrhages, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSHEM
SAS Label:: Retinal blot hemorrhages, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information only on eyes with retinal blot hemorrhages and no microaneurysms in the left eye.
English Instructions:: This variable is computed as present (1=YES) from OPDSHMA variable code=3 and absent (0=NO) from OPDSHMA variable code=0 or 1. For eyes with any retinal blot hemorrhages, recode from OPDSHMA.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2202	2202
1	Yes	40	2242
.	Missing	692	2934

OPDSHE - Retinal hard exudate, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSHE
SAS Label:: Retinal hard exudate, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of hard exudate in the left eye. Hard exudate is a result of lipoprotein deposition in the retina and is usually associated with macular edema.
English Instructions:: Can combine code 0=No and 1=Questionable for absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2365	2365
1	Questionable	9	2374
2	Yes	40	2414
.	Missing	520	2934

OPDSSE - Retinal soft exudate, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSSE
SAS Label:: Retinal soft exudate, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of soft exudate in the left eye. Soft exudate, sometimes called cotton wool spot, is due to retinal nerve fiber layer infarction, a result of retinal ischemia.
English Instructions:: Can combine code 0=No and 1=Questionable for absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2353	2353
1	Questionable	10	2363
2	Yes	50	2413
.	Missing	521	2934

OPDSIRMA - IRMA, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSIRMA
SAS Label:: IRMA, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of Intraretinal Microvascular Abnormalities (IRMA), from the left eye. IRMA are retinal collateral vessels in areas of retinal ischemia indicating a more severe level of retinopathy. This variable is coded using the ETDRS photo standard, 8A. Eyes with IRMA>=8A have more severe disease than eyes with standard <8A.
English Instructions:: Can combine code 0=None and 1=Questionable for IRMA absent and codes 2 & 3 for IRMA present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2363	2363
1	Questionable	25	2388
2	< 8A	15	2403
3	>= 8A	4	2407
.	Missing	527	2934

OPDSVB - Retinal venous beading, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSVB
SAS Label:: Retinal venous beading, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal venous beading from the left eye. Venous beading is a manifestation of severe retinal ischemia.
English Instructions:: Can combine code 0=No and 1=Questionable for absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2424	2424
1	Questionable	2	2426
2	Yes	0	2426
.	Missing	508	2934

OPDSNVO - Retinal new vessels on disc, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSNVO
SAS Label:: Retinal new vessels on disc, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal new vessels on the optic disc area, from the left eye. Retinal new vessels on the optic disc area are a manifestation of proliferative retinopathy due to retinal ischemia. This variable is coded using the ETDRS photo standard, 10A. Eyes with standard>=10A have more severe vessels than eyes with standard <10A.
English Instructions:: When combined with other manifestations of proliferative retinopathy is equivalent to OPDSRL4=4 (Proliferative). Can combine code 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent; codes 2=<10A with 3=>=10A for present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2431	2431
1	Questionable	1	2432
2	< 10A	3	2435
3	>= 10A	0	2435
.	Missing	499	2934

OPDSNVE - Retinal new vessels elsewhere, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSNVE
SAS Label:: Retinal new vessels elsewhere, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal new vessels elsewhere outside the optic disc margin in the left eye. Retinal new vessels elsewhere outside the optic disc margin are a manifestation of proliferative retinopathy due to retinal ischemia. The more area affected, the more severe the disease.
English Instructions:: When combined with other manifestations of proliferative retinopathy is equivalent to OPDSRL4=4 (Proliferative). Can combine code 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent and code 2=<1/2 DISC AREA with 3=>=1/2 DISC AREA for present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2413	2413
1	Questionable	2	2415
2	< 1/2 Disc Area	3	2418
3	>= 1/2 Disc Area	0	2418
.	Missing	516	2934

OPDSRFP - Retinal fibrous proliferation, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSRFP
SAS Label:: Retinal fibrous proliferation, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal fibrous proliferation in the left eye. Retinal fibrous proliferation is a manifestation of proliferative retinopathy due to retinal ischemia. The more area affected, the greater the disease.
English Instructions:: FPD = Fibrous proliferation within the optic disc area; FPE = Fibrous proliferation elsewhere outside the optic disc margin. When combined with other manifestations of proliferative retinopathy is equivalent to OPDSRL4=4. Can combine code 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent; 2=FPD ONLY, 3=FPE ONLY, and 4=FPD + FPE for any present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2422	2422
1	Questionable	1	2423
2	FPD only	2	2425
3	FPE only	1	2426
4	FPD + FPE	2	2428
.	Missing	506	2934

OPDSPHVH - Pre-ret./ vitreous hemorrhage, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSPHVH
SAS Label:: Pre-ret./ vitreous hemorrhage, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of pre-retinal hemorrhage or vitreous hemorrhage in the left eye. Pre-retinal hemorrhage or vitreous hemorrhage is a manifestation of proliferative retinopathy due to retinal ischemia. The more area is affected, the more severe the disease.
English Instructions:: When combined with other manifestations of proliferative retinopathy is equivalent to OPDSRL4=4. Can combine 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent and 2=<1 Disc Area and 3=>= 1 Disc Area for present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2425	2425
1	Questionable	1	2426
2	< 1 Disc Area	0	2426
3	>= 1 Disc Area	1	2427
.	Missing	507	2934

OPDSME - Macular edema, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSME
SAS Label:: Macular edema, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of macular edema by clinical significance. The definition for Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME), found in the NHANES Grading Protocol: CSME is considered present when edema involves the fovea or is within 500 microns of the fovea, or when a 1+disc area of edema is present with at least a portion of it within the macula.
English Instructions:: Increased permeability of retinal capillaries and MAS may result in accumulation of extracellular fluid and thickening of normally compact retinal tissue called Macular Edema. In some cases, the macular edema becomes clinically significant. "OTHER" refers to evidence of macular edema associated with retinopathy often associated with a specific ocular or systemic condition (e.g. retinal vein occlusion). Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable for absent; and 2=Yes, but not CSME and 3=Yes, CSME for any macular edema present; exclude 7 from analysis.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2348	2348
1	Questionable	3	2351
2	Yes, but not CSME	5	2356
3	Yes CSME	15	2371
7	Other	0	2371
.	Missing	563	2934

OPDSMEC - Macular edema in center, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSMEC
SAS Label:: Macular edema in center, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of macular edema in the center from the left eye. Center involvement specifies involvement of the fovea by macular edema. Cysts indicate more severe involvement, usually associated with visual loss.
English Instructions:: "OTHER" refers to evidence of macular edema associated with retinopathy often associated with a specific ocular or systemic condition (e.g. retinal vein occlusion). Can combine 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent; 2=Present and CSME and 3=CSME with cysts for any present central involvement; exclude 7 from analysis. Can combine with visual acuity data in corresponding eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2354	2354
1	Questionable	4	2358
2	Present and CSME	12	2370
3	CSME with cysts	0	2370
7	Other	1	2371
.	Missing	563	2934

OPDSPPS - Panret. photocoagulation scar, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSPPS
SAS Label:: Panret. photocoagulation scar, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of panretinal photocoagulation scars in the left eye. Panretinal photocoagulation in a scatter pattern across the retina or in specific areas outside the macular area later results in scarring and is a surrogate for having had active severe disease. Local and/or scatter photocoagulation is usually done to prevent preretinal and vitreous hemorrhage or the development of retinal new vessels.
English Instructions:: In the absence of retinopathy, is usually combined with other signs of proliferative retinopathy which may or may not be present (refer to OPDSRET). Can combine 0=None and 1=Questionable/Incomplete for absent; and codes 2, 3, and 4 as present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2420	2420
1	Questionable/incomplete	4	2424
2	Local	1	2425
3	Scatter only	8	2433
4	Scatter + local	0	2433
.	Missing	501	2934

OPDSFOC - Focal photocoag. scars for ME, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSFOC
SAS Label:: Focal photocoag. scars for ME, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of focal laser photocoagulation from the left eye. It can appear either as treatment of leaking retinal microaneurysms (MA Rx only) or in a grid pattern in macula done for the treatment of localized or diffuse macular edema (Grid only), or sometimes together.
English Instructions:: Can combine codes 0=None and 1=Questionable for absent and codes 2-4 (MA RX only, Grid Only, and MA RX + Grid Rx) for present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2408	2408
1	Questionable	2	2410
2	MA RX only	13	2423
3	Grid only	0	2423
4	MA RX & Grid RX	0	2423
.	Missing	511	2934

OPDSARM - ARM, 3 severity levels, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSARM
SAS Label:: ARM, 3 severity levels, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the 3-level severity classification of age-related macular degeneration (ARM) from the left eye. Early ARM is defined by presence or absence of drusen and/or pigmentary abnormalities; late ARM by exudative ARM signs and/or geographic atrophy.
English Instructions:: Can combine codes 1=Early ARM and 2=Late ARM.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No ARM	2206	2206
1	Early ARM	101	2307
2	Late ARM	22	2329
.	Missing	605	2934

OPDSPIGA - Ret. & pigmentary abnorm., left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSPIGA
SAS Label:: Ret. & pigmentary abnorm., left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of increased retinal pigment and/or RPE depigmentation, a manifestation of early ARM in absence of signs of late ARM, from the left eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2240	2240
1	Yes	89	2329
.	Missing	605	2934

OPDSLARM - Late ARM, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSLARM
SAS Label:: Late ARM, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of exudative ARM and/or geographic atrophy from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Late ARM is defined by the presence of signs of exudative ARM and/or geographic atrophy.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2322	2322
1	Yes	22	2344
.	Missing	590	2934

OPDSGA - Geographic atrophy, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSGA
SAS Label:: Geographic atrophy, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of pure geographic atrophy in the absence of signs of Exudative ARM, left eye
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2322	2322
1	Yes	16	2338
.	Missing	596	2934

OPDSEXU - Exudative ARM, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSEXU
SAS Label:: Exudative ARM, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of exudative ARM from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Exudative ARM is also called neovascular ARM. Sometimes geographic atrophy is present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2338	2338
1	Yes	6	2344
.	Missing	590	2934

OPDSAREX - Excluded for ARM, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSAREX
SAS Label:: Excluded for ARM, left eye
English Text:: Was the left eye excluded for ARM?
English Instructions:: ARM may not be ascertained for many reasons, refer to OPDSREA for the reason for ARM exclusion.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2347	2347
1	Yes	37	2384
.	Missing	550	2934

OPDSREA - Reason for ARM exclusion, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSREA
SAS Label:: Reason for ARM exclusion, left eye
English Text:: If a condition exists in the macula which confounds the grader from evaluating Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARM) lesions from similar changes in the retina due to another process the eye is excluded (cannot grade) from evaluation of all ARM lesions from the right eye.
English Instructions:: This variable lists reasons such as trauma, laser treatment, retinal vessel occlusion, retinal dystrophy, myopic degeneration, presumed ocular histoplasmosis or chorioretinal taxoplasmosis scar, nonspecific inflammatory retinal lesion, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), non ARM retinal pigment epithelial abnormality, non ARM detachment, unknown, other, and/or a retinal coloboma or staphyloma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	2411	2411
1	Trauma	0	2411
2	Laser RX	18	2429
3	Vessel occlusion	1	2430
4	Macular dystrophy	1	2431
5	Myopic degeneration	1	2432
6	Histoplasmosis/toxoplasmosis	1	2433
7	Inflammatory lesion	1	2434
9	Retinopathy of prematurity	0	2434
10	Non-ARM RPE abnormality	4	2438
11	Non-ARM detachment	0	2438
12	Unknown etiology	2	2440
15	Other	8	2448
16	Coloboma/staphyloma	0	2448
99	No photos of eye	20	2468
.	Missing	466	2934

OPDSHD - Hard distinct drusen, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSHD
SAS Label:: Hard distinct drusen, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of hard distinct drusen, from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Currently considered not to be a sign of ARM by itself.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1165	1165
1	Yes	1155	2320
.	Missing	614	2934

OPDSD125 - Drusen>=125 microns, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSD125
SAS Label:: Drusen>=125 microns, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of large drusen, greater than or equal to 125 microns in diameter, from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Large drusen are considered a sign of early ARM.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2163	2163
1	Yes	172	2335
.	Missing	599	2934

OPDSD500 - Drusen>=500 microns, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSD500
SAS Label:: Drusen>=500 microns, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of large drusen, greater than or equal to 500 microns in diameter, from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Large drusen are considered a sign of early ARM.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2259	2259
1	Yes	75	2334
.	Missing	600	2934

OPDSASD - Any soft drusen, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSASD
SAS Label:: Any soft drusen, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of any soft indistinct and/or soft distinct drusen from the left eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2048	2048
1	Yes	288	2336
.	Missing	598	2934

OPDSSDD - Soft distinct drusen, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSSDD
SAS Label:: Soft distinct drusen, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of soft distinct drusen, from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Soft distinct drusen is a less severe type of drusen than soft indistinct drusen.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2070	2070
1	Yes	266	2336
.	Missing	598	2934

OPDSSID - Soft indistinct drusen, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSSID
SAS Label:: Soft indistinct drusen, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of soft indistinct drusen from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Soft indistinct drusen is a more severe type of drusen than soft distinct drusen.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2246	2246
1	Yes	85	2331
.	Missing	603	2934

OPDSIRP - Increased retinal pigment, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSIRP
SAS Label:: Increased retinal pigment, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of increased retinal pigment due to disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium in early ARM, from the left eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2245	2245
1	Yes	84	2329
.	Missing	605	2934

OPDSRPE - RPE depigmentation, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSRPE
SAS Label:: RPE depigmentation, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of decreased retinal pigmentation due to disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium in early ARM, from the left eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2277	2277
1	Yes	51	2328
.	Missing	606	2934

OPDSAGA - Any geographic atrophy, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSAGA
SAS Label:: Any geographic atrophy, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of any geographic atrophy from the left eye.
English Instructions:: This variable differs from the pure geographic atrophy variable, OPDSGA, because exudative ARM may be present concurrently in which case OPDSGA may result from exudative ARM and/or its treatment.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2325	2325
1	Yes	19	2344
.	Missing	590	2934

OPDSPED - RPE/sensory ret. detachment, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSPED
SAS Label:: RPE/sensory ret. detachment, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of Retinal Pigment Epithelial detachment/ Sensory Retinal detachment, a sign of exudative ARM, from the left eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2339	2339
1	Yes	4	2343
.	Missing	591	2934

OPDSSNV - Subretinal new vessels, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSSNV
SAS Label:: Subretinal new vessels, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of subretinal new vessels, a sign of exudative ARM, from the left eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2341	2341
1	Yes	2	2343
.	Missing	591	2934

OPDSSUBH - Subretinal hemorrhage, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSSUBH
SAS Label:: Subretinal hemorrhage, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of subretinal hemorrhage, a sign of exudative ARM, from the left eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2343	2343
1	Yes	1	2344
.	Missing	590	2934

OPDSSFS - Subretinal fibrous scar, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSSFS
SAS Label:: Subretinal fibrous scar, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of subretinal fibrous scar, a sign of exudative ARM, from the left eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2340	2340
1	Yes	4	2344
.	Missing	590	2934

OPDSARMX - Treatment for ARM, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSARMX
SAS Label:: Treatment for ARM, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of 3 types of treatment for exudative ARM in the left eye: laser, photodynamic and/or thermal treatment. The presence or absence of these treatments is a sign of exudative ARM.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2343	2343
1	Yes	1	2344
.	Missing	590	2934

OPDSBCO - Retinal artery occlusion, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSBCO
SAS Label:: Retinal artery occlusion, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal artery occlusion (branch or central), a blockage of retinal arteriole or artery resulting infarction of the retina, from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine codes 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center, to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2447	2447
1	Questionable	0	2447
2	Yes	0	2447
3	Yes, in center	0	2447
.	Missing	487	2934

OPDSBVO - Retinal branch vein occlusion, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSBVO
SAS Label:: Retinal branch vein occlusion, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal branch vein occlusion, a blockage of retinal branch venule (level 12 in the retinopathy severity scale, variable OPDURET), from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine with retinal central vein occlusion (OPDSCVO) to get retinal vein occlusion. Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2437	2437
1	Questionable	2	2439
2	Yes	4	2443
3	Yes, in center	0	2443
.	Missing	491	2934

OPDSCVO - Ret. central vein occlusion, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSCVO
SAS Label:: Ret. central vein occlusion, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal central vein occlusion (RCVO) from the left eye; blockage of the retinal central vein (level 12 in the retinal severity scale variable, OPDSRET).
English Instructions:: Can combine with retinal branch vein occlusion (OPDSBVO) to get retinal vein occlusion. Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2446	2446
1	Questionable	1	2447
2	Yes	1	2448
3	Yes, in center	0	2448
.	Missing	486	2934

OPDSAVN - Retinal AV nicking, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSAVN
SAS Label:: Retinal AV nicking, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal arterio-venous nicking, a pinching of the vein at an artery crossing, from the left eye. May be secondary to hypertension. Refer to the NHANES Detailed Grading Protocol for more details.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	1960	1960
1	Questionable	335	2295
2	Yes	145	2440
.	Missing	494	2934

OPDSFAN - Focal arteriolar narrowing, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSFAN
SAS Label:: Focal arteriolar narrowing, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal focal arteriolar narrowing, focal pinching or narrowing of the arteriole, from the left eye. May be secondary to hypertension. Refer to the NHANES Detailed Grading Protocol for more details.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2312	2312
1	Questionable	84	2396
2	Yes	27	2423
.	Missing	511	2934

OPDSHOLL - Hollenhorst plaque, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSHOLL
SAS Label:: Hollenhorst plaque, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of retinal arteriolar embolus (Hollenhorst plaque), from the worse eye. Usually fibrin or cholesterol embolus seen in retinal arterioles, often at a bifurcation of the vessel.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2433	2433
1	Questionable	3	2436
2	Yes	5	2441
.	Missing	493	2934

OPDSPPA - Peripapillary atrophy, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSPPA
SAS Label:: Peripapillary atrophy, left eye
English Text:: This variables provides information on the presence or absence of peripapillary atrophy, defined as retinal-choroidal atrophic area around the disc, from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2249	2249
1	Questionable	66	2315
2	Yes	132	2447
.	Missing	487	2934

OPDSASHY - Asteroid Hyalosis, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSASHY
SAS Label:: Asteroid Hyalosis, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of Asteroid Hyalosis, soap-like crystals floating in the vitreous cavity in front of the retina, which can obstruct the view of retinal lesions, from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2439	2439
1	Questionable	5	2444
2	Yes	9	2453
3	Yes, in center	1	2454
.	Missing	480	2934

OPDSCHRA - Chorioretinal abnormality, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSCHRA
SAS Label:: Chorioretinal abnormality, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of any chorioretinal abnormality from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2443	2443
1	Questionable	1	2444
2	Yes	4	2448
3	Yes, in center	0	2448
.	Missing	486	2934

OPDSMACH - Macular hole, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSMACH
SAS Label:: Macular hole, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of a macular hole, a round sharply defined hole involving the center of the macula, resulting in a decrease in visual acuity, from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent. Can analyze with visual acuity data.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2367	2367
1	Questionable	1	2368
2	Yes	2	2370
.	Missing	564	2934

OPDSCHN - Choroidal nevus, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSCHN
SAS Label:: Choroidal nevus, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of choroidal nevus, a localized increase in the number of pigment bearing cells in choroid, usually round or oval in shape, from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; ; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2356	2356
1	Questionable	31	2387
2	Yes	55	2442
3	Yes, in center	0	2442
.	Missing	492	2934

OPDSOTRX - Any other treatment, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSOTRX
SAS Label:: Any other treatment, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of any other laser treatment for other conditions (i.e. local treatment for retinal detachment), from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; ; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2449	2449
1	Questionable	0	2449
2	Yes	1	2450
3	Yes, in center	0	2450
.	Missing	484	2934

OPDSPOHS - Histoplasmosis syndrome, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSPOHS
SAS Label:: Histoplasmosis syndrome, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome, which usually manifests by peripapillary atrophic scars, focal round chorioretinal active lesions or punched out scars, from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2448	2448
1	Questionable	1	2449
2	Yes	0	2449
3	Yes, in center	0	2449
.	Missing	485	2934

OPDSRDET - Retinal detachment, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSRDET
SAS Label:: Retinal detachment, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of traction or traumatic retinal detachment (not ARM Pigment Epithelial Detachment), from the left eye.
English Instructions:: Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2441	2441
1	Questionable	1	2442
2	Yes	6	2448
3	Yes, in center	0	2448
.	Missing	486	2934

OPDSSWR - SW, cellophane changes, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSSWR
SAS Label:: SW, cellophane changes, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of epiretinal membrane (cellophane changes) from the left eye. Epiretinal membrane (cellophane changes) refers to a patch or patches of irregular increased reflection on the inner surface of the retina due to membrane cellophane changes only with no traction.
English Instructions:: Can combine with epiretinal membrane (traction changes) variable (OPDSSWRT). Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2015	2015
1	Questionable	42	2057
2	Yes	301	2358
3	Yes, in center	24	2382
.	Missing	552	2934

OPDSSWRT - SW, traction changes, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSSWRT
SAS Label:: SW, traction changes, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information on the presence or absence of epiretinal membrane (retinal traction changes), from the left eye. Epiretinal membrane (retinal traction changes) refers to a patch or patches of irregular increased reflection on the inner surface of the retina due to retinal traction changes of the membrane.
English Instructions:: Can combine with epiretinal membrane cellophane changes, variable OPDSSWR. Can combine 0=No and 1=Questionable to define absent; 2=Yes and 3=Yes, in center to define present.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2325	2325
1	Questionable	11	2336
2	Yes	32	2368
3	Yes, in center	8	2376
.	Missing	558	2934

OPDSOTHC - Other ocular conditions, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSOTHC
SAS Label:: Other ocular conditions, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides information of other ocular conditions not graded elsewhere, from the left eye.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	2370	2370
1	Questionable	6	2376
2	Yes	73	2449
3	Yes, in center	0	2449
.	Missing	485	2934

OPDSVCDR - Vertical cup disc ratio, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSVCDR
SAS Label:: Vertical cup disc ratio, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides the vertical cup to disc ratio, in microns, from the left eye.
English Instructions:: The vertical cup to disc ration is from 0 to 1.0
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative	Skip to Item
0.14 to 0.86	Range of Values	2413	2413
.	Missing	521	2934

OPXSQUAL - Quality, left eye

Variable Name:: OPXSQUAL
SAS Label:: Quality, left eye
English Text:: The quality of images with a cup-to-disc ratio >= 0.6 was re-assessed before the images were re-read to look for indicators suggesting the presence of glaucoma. Quality, left eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Excellent	34	34
1	Good	176	210
2	Fair	68	278
3	Poor	9	287
4	Ungradable	10	297
.	Missing	2637	2934

OPXSRCDR - Vertical CDR, re-read images, left eye

Variable Name:: OPXSRCDR
SAS Label:: Vertical CDR, re-read images, left eye
English Text:: This variable provides the vertical cup disc ratio, in microns, from images that were re-read, left eye.
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.The VCDR is from 0 to 1.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0 to 1	Range of Values	287	287
2	Ungradable	10	297
.	Missing	2637	2934

OPXSGLAU - Glaucoma, left eye

Variable Name:: OPXSGLAU
SAS Label:: Glaucoma, left eye
English Text:: Glaucoma, left eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	192	192
1	Possible	50	242
2	Probable	34	276
3	Definite	11	287
4	Ungradable	10	297
.	Missing	2637	2934

OPXSHEME - Disc Heme, left eye

Variable Name:: OPXSHEME
SAS Label:: Disc Heme, left eye
English Text:: Heme, left eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	283	283
1	Yes	1	284
2	Maybe	3	287
3	Ungradable	10	297
.	Missing	2637	2934

OPXSSIZE - Size, left eye

Variable Name:: OPXSSIZE
SAS Label:: Size, left eye
English Text:: Size, left eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Small	34	34
1	Average	228	262
2	Large	25	287
3	Ungradable	10	297
.	Missing	2637	2934

OPDSEXC - Excavation, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSEXC
SAS Label:: Excavation, left eye
English Text:: Excavation, left eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	180	180
1	Yes	56	236
2	Maybe	51	287
3	Ungradable	10	297
.	Missing	2637	2934

OPDSNOT - Notch, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSNOT
SAS Label:: Notch, left eye
English Text:: Notch, left eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	None	270	270
1	Inferior	11	281
2	Superior	2	283
3	Both	4	287
4	Ungradable	10	297
.	Missing	2637	2934

OPDSTIL - Tilted, left eye

Variable Name:: OPDSTIL
SAS Label:: Tilted, left eye
English Text:: Tilted, left eye
English Instructions:: This image was re-read for features suggestive of glaucoma.
Target:: Both males and females 40 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	No	275	275
1	Yes	11	286
3	Ungradable	11	297
.	Missing	2637	2934

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