The Diet Behavior and Nutrition (variable name prefix DBQ) section provides personal interview data on various dietary behavior and nutrition related topics. Many of the questions were included in NHANES II (1976-80), Hispanic HANES (1982-84), NHANES III (1988-94), and NHANES 1999-2006. Topics included in the section are:
In 2007, a Flexible Consumer Behavior Survey (FCBS) module was added to the NHANES. This module was developed in collaboration with the Economic Research Service (ERS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). It is designed to collect information on people’s knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs toward nutrition and food choices. The FCBS module has two elements: a core set of questions asked in the household interview, and a supplementary module asked in a follow-up interview with focuses specifically designed for each 2-year data collection cycle.
The core set of the FCBS module collects information on individual participant’s food choices, such as getting meals prepared away from home, meals got from fast-food or pizza places, use of convenience foods or ready-to-eat meals bought in stores, and participant’s self-perceived vegetarian status, food allergy, and meal planner/shopper/preparer status at home. These data are included as part of the present DBQ section.
The core set of the FCBS module also includes questions at participant’s family level. For example, family member’s use of special diet, availability of certain type of foods in the family, food expenditures, as well as time spent on food shopping and cooking dinner, and meals eaten together in the family. These family level questions, in the core set of the FCBS module, are included in the Consumer Behavior (CBQ) section and released in a separate file at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/2007-2008/cbq_e.htm
Data from the phone follow-up FCBS supplementary module will also be released in separate files and made available on the NHANES website. Similar to other datasets in the NHANES 2007-2008 release cycle, all FCBS related data files can be linked by the respondent sequence number (SEQN). For more information on the other FCBS related data, refer to the documentations accompanying the datasets.
The target age groups for questions in this section vary by the topic. For example, the questions pertaining to infant nutrition and breast-feeding were asked of proxy respondents for children 6 years of age and younger; and senior meal program participation questions were asked of respondents 60 years of age and older. Please review the questionnaire and codebook carefully. Frequency counts were verified during the preparation of the file.
Questions on the frequencies of getting meals prepared away from home (DBD895), meals got from fast-food or pizza places (DBD900), and use of convenience foods (DBD905 and DBD910) was asked during the physical examination, at the mobile examination center (MEC), of participants 12-15 years old. Theses 12-15 years old participants answered these questions for themselves.
The same question was asked, before the physical examination, in the home, of participants 1-11 years and of participants 16 years and older. All other questions in this section were asked before the physical examination, in the home, as well.
In the home, questions were asked by trained interviews using the Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) system. Hand cards showing response categories were also used for some questions. When necessary, the interviewers read the hand cards to respondents. Persons 16 years of age and older and emancipated minors were interviewed directly. A proxy provided information for survey participants who were under 16 years of age and for individuals who could not answer the questions themselves.
The CAPI system is programmed with built-in consistency checks to reduce data entry errors. CAPI also uses online help screens to assist interviewers in defining key terms used in the questionnaire. All of the data was reviewed by the NHANES field office staff for accuracy and completeness.
Frequency counts were checked, “skip” patterns were verified, and the reasonableness of question responses was reviewed. Edits were made to some variables to ensure the completeness, consistency, and analytic usefulness of the data. Edits were also made, when necessary, to address data disclosure concerns. When a variable was modified globally, as part of the editing process, the third letter in the variable name was changed from a Q (i.e. DBQ) to a D (i.e. DBD). For example, some data were collected using two variables (a number variable and a unit of measure variable), but combined into a single variable for data release purposes.
DBD020, DBD030, DBD040, DBD050, DBD060, and DBD080 (Breastfeeding and other childhood feeding practices)
This information was collected using two-part (number and unit) questions to allow respondents to report the age of interest in days, weeks, months, or years. The released variables were edited to standardize the reported age to number of days, using the following conversion factors: 7 days/week, 30.4 days/month and 365 days/year.
DBD895 (Frequency of getting meals prepared away from home)
Respondents were asked how many times they had gotten meals that were prepared away from home in the past 7 days. If the frequency was reported as "never," the value was re-coded as zero. If the frequency was reported more than 21 times per week, the value was re-coded as “5555.”
DBD905 and DBD910 (Use of convenience foods)
This information was collected using two-part (number and unit) questions to allow respondents to report the frequency of interest as either per day, per week, or per month. The released variables were edited to standardize the reported frequency to number of times in the last 30 days. If the frequency was reported as "never," the value was re-coded as zero.
DBD895 (Frequency of getting meals prepared away from home)
A similar question was included in the NHANES 2005-2006 release (variable name: DBD091). The current version was updated based on experiences from 2005-2006 data collection and results from a cognitive testing in 2006. The updates include: 1) time frame of the question was modified from “on average, how many meals per week…” to a more specific term “during the past 7 days”; 2) the phrase “meals not prepared at a home” was revised as “meals prepared away from home” to avoid negative tense; 3) the probe for different eating establishments was shortened to reduce respondent burden and to make it easier to understan; 4) the response “less than weekly” for 2005-06 question DBD091 is no longer applicable.
Since the question DBD895 was asked as part of household interview for participants 1-11 (proxy interview used) and 16 or more years of age, the interview sample weights may be used in their analysis. However, if the data is joined with other data from the Mobile Examination Center (MEC), the MEC sample weights should be used. Analysis of the question, DBD895, for 12 to 15 year olds should use the MEC sample weights because the question was asked in the MEC for this age group.
DBD900, DBD905, and DBD910 (Frequency of meals got from fast-food or pizza places, and use of convenience foods)
Similar to the abovementioned question DBD895, these questions were also asked in the MEC for 12 to 15 year olds, therefore, the MEC sample weights should be used for analysis with this age group. For analysis on participants 1-11 (proxy interview used) and 16 or more years of age, the interview sample weights may be used if no other data from the MEC was used in the analysis.
Please refer to the NHANES Analytic Guidelines and the on-line NHANES Tutorial for further details on the use of sample weights and other analytic issues. Both of these are available on the NHANES website
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 1286 | 1286 | |
2 | No | 614 | 1900 | DBD040 |
7 | Refused | 0 | 1900 | DBD040 |
9 | Don't know | 7 | 1907 | DBD040 |
. | Missing | 8242 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 to 730 | Range of Values | 1246 | 1246 | |
0 | Never | 38 | 1284 | DBD085 |
777777 | Refused | 0 | 1284 | DBD085 |
999999 | Don't know | 2 | 1286 | DBD085 |
. | Missing | 8863 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 to 1460 | Range of Values | 1106 | 1106 | |
0 | Still breastfeeding | 141 | 1247 | |
777777 | Refused | 0 | 1247 | |
999999 | Don't know | 0 | 1247 | |
. | Missing | 8902 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 to 730 | Range of Values | 1647 | 1647 | |
0 | Never on a daily basis | 215 | 1862 | DBD060 |
777777 | Refused | 0 | 1862 | |
999999 | Don't know | 6 | 1868 | |
. | Missing | 8281 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 to 1460 | Range of Values | 1231 | 1231 | |
0 | Still drinking formula | 407 | 1638 | |
777777 | Refused | 1 | 1639 | |
999999 | Don't know | 14 | 1653 | |
. | Missing | 8496 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 to 1825 | Range of Values | 1405 | 1405 | |
0 | Never on a daily basis | 451 | 1856 | DBD080 |
777777 | Refused | 0 | 1856 | |
999999 | Don't know | 12 | 1868 | |
. | Missing | 8281 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
10 | Whole or regular milk | 1115 | 1115 | |
77 | Refused | 0 | 1115 | |
99 | Don't know | 7 | 1122 | |
. | Missing | 9027 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
11 | 2% fat or reduced-fat milk | 234 | 234 | |
. | Missing | 9915 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
12 | 1% fat or low-fat milk (includes 0.5% fat milk or low-fat milk not further specified), | 11 | 11 | |
. | Missing | 10138 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
13 | fat-free, skim or nonfat milk, or | 8 | 8 | |
. | Missing | 10141 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
30 | Another type? | 59 | 59 | |
. | Missing | 10090 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
3 to 730 | Range of Values | 1698 | 1698 | |
0 | Never on a daily basis | 154 | 1852 | |
777777 | Refused | 0 | 1852 | |
999999 | Don't know | 16 | 1868 | |
. | Missing | 8281 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Excellent | 584 | 584 | |
2 | Very good | 1429 | 2013 | |
3 | Good | 2667 | 4680 | |
4 | Fair | 1501 | 6181 | |
5 | Poor | 362 | 6543 | |
7 | Refused | 1 | 6544 | |
9 | Don't know | 2 | 6546 | |
. | Missing | 3603 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Never | 1240 | 1240 | DBD225 |
1 | Rarely-less than once a week | 1023 | 2263 | |
2 | Sometimes-once a week or more, but less than once a day, or | 2160 | 4423 | |
3 | Often-once a day or more? | 5202 | 9625 | |
4 | Varied | 40 | 9665 | |
7 | Refused | 1 | 9666 | DBD225 |
9 | Don't know | 0 | 9666 | DBD225 |
. | Missing | 483 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
10 | Whole or regular, | 3289 | 3289 | |
77 | Refused | 0 | 3289 | |
99 | Don't know | 4 | 3293 | |
. | Missing | 6856 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
11 | 2% fat or reduced-fat milk, | 3435 | 3435 | |
. | Missing | 6714 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
12 | 1% fat or low-fat milk (includes 0.5% fat milk or low-fat milk not further specified), | 773 | 773 | |
. | Missing | 9376 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
13 | Skim, nonfat, or 0.5% fat milk (includes liquid or reconstituted from dry), | 870 | 870 | |
. | Missing | 9279 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
30 | Another type? | 399 | 399 | |
. | Missing | 9750 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | {I've/He's/She's} been a regular milk drinker for most or all of {my/his/her} life, including {my/his/her} childhood | 2504 | 2504 | |
2 | {I've/He's/She's} never been a regular milk drinker; | 1466 | 3970 | DBD265a |
3 | {My/His/Her} milk drinking has varied over {my/his/her} life-sometimes {I've/he's/she's} been a regular milk drinker | 1962 | 5932 | |
7 | Refused | 1 | 5933 | DBD265a |
9 | Don't know | 2 | 5935 | DBD265a |
. | Missing | 4214 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Never | 73 | 73 | |
1 | Rarely-less than once a week | 179 | 252 | |
2 | Sometimes-once a week or more, but less than once a day | 423 | 675 | |
3 | Often-once a day or more | 3742 | 4417 | |
4 | Varied | 4 | 4421 | |
7 | Refused | 0 | 4421 | |
9 | Don't know | 45 | 4466 | |
. | Missing | 5683 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Never | 102 | 102 | |
1 | Rarely-less than once a week | 273 | 375 | |
2 | Sometimes-once a week or more, but less than once a day | 867 | 1242 | |
3 | Often-once a day or more | 3186 | 4428 | |
4 | Varied | 11 | 4439 | |
7 | Refused | 0 | 4439 | |
9 | Don't know | 27 | 4466 | |
. | Missing | 5683 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Never | 187 | 187 | |
1 | Rarely-less than once a week | 520 | 707 | |
2 | Sometimes-once a week or more, but less than once a day | 1271 | 1978 | |
3 | Often-once a day or more | 2412 | 4390 | |
4 | Varied | 65 | 4455 | |
7 | Refused | 0 | 4455 | |
9 | Don't know | 11 | 4466 | |
. | Missing | 5683 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 72 | 72 | |
2 | No | 2080 | 2152 | |
7 | Refused | 1 | 2153 | |
9 | Don't know | 0 | 2153 | |
. | Missing | 7996 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 118 | 118 | |
2 | No | 2034 | 2152 | |
7 | Refused | 1 | 2153 | |
9 | Don't know | 0 | 2153 | |
. | Missing | 7996 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 2442 | 2442 | |
2 | No | 472 | 2914 | DBD895 |
7 | Refused | 0 | 2914 | DBD895 |
9 | Don't know | 0 | 2914 | DBD895 |
. | Missing | 7235 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 2312 | 2312 | |
2 | No | 129 | 2441 | DBQ400 |
7 | Refused | 0 | 2441 | DBQ400 |
9 | Don't know | 1 | 2442 | DBQ400 |
. | Missing | 7707 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 to 5 | Range of Values | 2016 | 2016 | |
0 | None | 294 | 2310 | DBQ400 |
7777 | Refused | 0 | 2310 | DBQ400 |
9999 | Don't know | 2 | 2312 | DBQ400 |
. | Missing | 7837 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Free | 1177 | 1177 | |
2 | Reduced price | 229 | 1406 | |
3 | Full price | 609 | 2015 | |
7 | Refused | 0 | 2015 | |
9 | Don't know | 1 | 2016 | |
. | Missing | 8133 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 1984 | 1984 | |
2 | No | 408 | 2392 | DBQ422 |
7 | Refused | 0 | 2392 | DBQ422 |
9 | Don't know | 50 | 2442 | DBQ422 |
. | Missing | 7707 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 to 5 | Range of Values | 1067 | 1067 | |
0 | None | 911 | 1978 | DBQ422 |
7777 | Refused | 0 | 1978 | DBQ422 |
9999 | Don't know | 6 | 1984 | DBQ422 |
. | Missing | 8165 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Free | 824 | 824 | |
2 | Reduced price | 96 | 920 | |
3 | Full price | 147 | 1067 | |
7 | Refused | 0 | 1067 | |
9 | Don't know | 0 | 1067 | |
. | Missing | 9082 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 274 | 274 | |
2 | No | 573 | 847 | |
3 | Did not attend summer program | 593 | 1440 | |
7 | Refused | 0 | 1440 | |
9 | Don't know | 1 | 1441 | |
. | Missing | 8708 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 to 21 | Range of Values | 7331 | 7331 | |
0 | None | 2249 | 9580 | DBD905 |
5555 | More than 21 meals per week | 1 | 9581 | |
7777 | Refused | 1 | 9582 | DBD905 |
9999 | Dont Know | 12 | 9594 | DBD905 |
. | Missing | 555 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 to 21 | Range of Values | 7329 | 7329 | |
7777 | Refused | 0 | 7329 | |
9999 | Don't know | 3 | 7332 | |
. | Missing | 2817 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 to 180 | Range of Values | 2855 | 2855 | |
0 | Never | 6711 | 9566 | |
7777 | Refused | 1 | 9567 | |
9999 | Don't know | 14 | 9581 | |
. | Missing | 568 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 to 180 | Range of Values | 3900 | 3900 | |
0 | Never | 5672 | 9572 | |
7777 | Refused | 1 | 9573 | |
9999 | Don't know | 4 | 9577 | |
. | Missing | 572 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 195 | 195 | |
2 | No | 9466 | 9661 | |
7 | Refused | 1 | 9662 | |
9 | Don't know | 4 | 9666 | |
. | Missing | 483 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 828 | 828 | |
2 | No | 8820 | 9648 | DBQ715a |
7 | Refused | 1 | 9649 | DBQ715a |
9 | Don't know | 17 | 9666 | DBQ715a |
. | Missing | 483 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
10 | Wheat | 48 | 48 | |
77 | REFUSED | 0 | 48 | |
99 | DON'T KNOW | 5 | 53 | |
. | Missing | 10096 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
11 | Cow's milk | 226 | 226 | |
. | Missing | 9923 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
12 | Eggs | 50 | 50 | |
. | Missing | 10099 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
13 | Fish | 51 | 51 | |
. | Missing | 10098 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
14 | Shellfish (shrimp, crab, or lobster) | 168 | 168 | |
. | Missing | 9981 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
15 | Corn | 27 | 27 | |
. | Missing | 10122 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
16 | Peanut | 99 | 99 | |
. | Missing | 10050 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
17 | Other nuts | 61 | 61 | |
. | Missing | 10088 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
18 | Soy products | 26 | 26 | |
. | Missing | 10123 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
19 | Other | 399 | 399 | |
. | Missing | 9750 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 3487 | 3487 | |
2 | No | 3057 | 6544 | |
7 | Refused | 2 | 6546 | |
9 | Don't know | 0 | 6546 | |
. | Missing | 3603 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 3039 | 3039 | |
2 | No | 3504 | 6543 | |
7 | Refused | 2 | 6545 | |
9 | Don't know | 1 | 6546 | |
. | Missing | 3603 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 3447 | 3447 | |
2 | No | 3096 | 6543 | |
7 | Refused | 2 | 6545 | |
9 | Don't know | 1 | 6546 | |
. | Missing | 3603 | 10149 |
Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 3132 | 3132 | |
2 | No | 3411 | 6543 | |
7 | Refused | 2 | 6545 | |
9 | Don't know | 1 | 6546 | |
. | Missing | 3603 | 10149 |