National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2007-2008 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies

Mental Health - Depression Screener (DPQ_E)

Data File: DPQ_E.xpt

First Published: October 2009

Last Revised: NA

Component Description

The Depression Screener (DPQ) questions are from the Patient Health Questionnaire, a version of the Prime-MD diagnostic instrument. They are a self-reported assessment of the past 2 weeks, based on nine DSM-IV signs and symptoms from depression. The nine symptom questions are scored from “0” (not at all) to “3” (nearly every day). Depression severity can be defined by several cut points from the total score that ranges from 0-27 (Kroenke 2001). A final follow-up question assesses the overall impairment of the depressive symptoms.

Eligible Sample

Mobile Examination Center (MEC) participants 12 years and older were eligible. No proxies were permitted to answer these questions. Only data from participants aged 18 years and older are included in this data file.

Interview Setting and Mode of Administration

These questions were asked by trained interviewers in Spanish or English using the Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) system during the MEC private interview.

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

The CAPI system is programmed with built-in consistency checks to reduce data entry errors. CAPI also uses online help screens to assist interviewers in defining key terms used in the questionnaire.

Approximately 5% of the interviews were recorded and reviewed for quality control purposes.

Data Processing and Editing

Edits were made to ensure the completeness, consistency and analytic usefulness of the data.

Analytic Notes

Depression and depression severity have been defined using various methods in the scientific literature. Researchers may want to pay special attention to records with item non-response (questions that have missing, “don’t know” or “refusal” responses) in deriving a score or severity measure.

MEC exam sample weights should be used for the analyses.

Please refer to the NHANES Analytic Guidelines and the on-line NHANES Tutorial for further details on the use of sample weights and other analytic issues. Both of these are available on the NHANES website.

A special use DPQ data file, for participants 12-17 years, is available through the NCHS Research Data Center (RDC).

References

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, William JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001; 16: 1606-13.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL. The PHQ-9: a new depression and diagnostic severity measure. Psych Annals 2002; 32:509-21.
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self-report version of Prime MD: the PHQ primary care study. JAMA 1999; 282: 1737-44.

Codebook and Frequencies

SEQN - Respondent sequence number

Variable Name:: SEQN
SAS Label:: Respondent sequence number
English Text:: Respondent sequence number.
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

DPQ001 - CHECK ITEM

Variable Name:: DPQ001
English Instructions:: BOX 1. CHECK ITEM DPQ001: IF INTERVIEW DONE ONLY WITH SURVEY PARTICIPANT (CODED '1' IN RIQ005), CONTINUE. OTHERWISE, GO TO NEXT SECTION.
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

DPQ010 - Little interest in doing things

Variable Name:: DPQ010
SAS Label:: Little interest in doing things
English Text:: Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems: little interest or pleasure in doing things? Would you say...
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	4094	4094
1	Several days	939	5033
2	More than half the days	239	5272
3	Nearly every day	163	5435
7	Refused	0	5435
9	Don't know	14	5449
.	Missing	546	5995

DPQ020 - Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless

Variable Name:: DPQ020
SAS Label:: Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	4039	4039
1	Several days	970	5009
2	More than half the days	222	5231
3	Nearly every day	213	5444
7	Refused	0	5444
9	Don't know	4	5448
.	Missing	547	5995

DPQ030 - Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much

Variable Name:: DPQ030
SAS Label:: Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	3230	3230
1	Several days	1279	4509
2	More than half the days	409	4918
3	Nearly every day	526	5444
7	Refused	0	5444
9	Don't know	4	5448
.	Missing	547	5995

DPQ040 - Feeling tired or having little energy

Variable Name:: DPQ040
SAS Label:: Feeling tired or having little energy
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] feeling tired or having little energy?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	2702	2702
1	Several days	1791	4493
2	More than half the days	425	4918
3	Nearly every day	525	5443
7	Refused	0	5443
9	Don't know	5	5448
.	Missing	547	5995

DPQ050 - Poor appetite or overeating

Variable Name:: DPQ050
SAS Label:: Poor appetite or overeating
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] poor appetite or overeating?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	4135	4135
1	Several days	800	4935
2	More than half the days	248	5183
3	Nearly every day	262	5445
7	Refused	0	5445
9	Don't know	3	5448
.	Missing	547	5995

DPQ060 - Feeling bad about yourself

Variable Name:: DPQ060
SAS Label:: Feeling bad about yourself
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] feeling bad about yourself - or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	4431	4431
1	Several days	668	5099
2	More than half the days	181	5280
3	Nearly every day	156	5436
7	Refused	0	5436
9	Don't know	12	5448
.	Missing	547	5995

DPQ070 - Trouble concentrating on things

Variable Name:: DPQ070
SAS Label:: Trouble concentrating on things
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching TV?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	4489	4489
1	Several days	639	5128
2	More than half the days	161	5289
3	Nearly every day	153	5442
7	Refused	0	5442
9	Don't know	6	5448
.	Missing	547	5995

DPQ080 - Moving or speaking slowly or too fast

Variable Name:: DPQ080
SAS Label:: Moving or speaking slowly or too fast
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed? Or the opposite - being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	4826	4826
1	Several days	400	5226
2	More than half the days	118	5344
3	Nearly every day	97	5441
7	Refused	0	5441
9	Don't know	7	5448
.	Missing	547	5995

DPQ090 - Thought you would be better off dead

Variable Name:: DPQ090
SAS Label:: Thought you would be better off dead
English Text:: Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems: Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way?
English Instructions:: INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: IF DPQ.090 CODED 1, 2, OR 3 PLEASE COMPLETE MENTAL HEALTH OBSERVATION FOR PHYSICIAN REVIEW AT CONCLUSION OF INTERVIEW.
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	5191	5191
1	Several days	177	5368
2	More than half the days	33	5401
3	Nearly every day	40	5441
7	Refused	0	5441
9	Don't know	6	5447
.	Missing	548	5995

DPQ095 - CHECK ITEM

Variable Name:: DPQ095
English Instructions:: BOX 2. CHECK ITEM DPQ095: IF RESPONSE TO ANY OF QUESTIONS DPQ010 - DPQ090 = 1, 2, OR 3, GO TO DPQ100. OTHERWISE, GO TO NEXT SECTION.
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

DPQ100 - Difficulty these problems have caused

Variable Name:: DPQ100
SAS Label:: Difficulty these problems have caused
English Text:: How difficult have these problems made it for you to do your work, take care of things at home, or get along with people?
Target:: Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all difficult	2658	2658
1	Somewhat difficult	854	3512
2	Very difficult	128	3640
3	Extremely difficult	53	3693
7	Refused	0	3693
9	Don't know	10	3703
.	Missing	2292	5995

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