National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

The goals of this component are: 1) to monitor the prevalence and trends in major cardiovascular conditions and risk factors in the U.S.; and 2) to evaluate prevention and treatment programs targeting cardiovascular disease in the U.S. The main element of the cardiovascular disease laboratory component in NHANES is blood lipid levels. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. The data will be used to monitor the status of hyperlipidemia and the success of the National Cholesterol Education Program.

Participants aged 6 years and older were tested.

Blood specimens were processed, stored, and shipped to University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN for analysis.

Detailed specimen collection and processing instructions are discussed in the NHANES Laboratory/Medical Technologists Procedures Manual (LPM). Vials are stored under appropriate frozen (–20°C) conditions until they are shipped to University of Minnesota for testing.

Roche Modular P chemistry analyzer

In this enzymatic method, esterified cholesterol is converted to cholesterol by cholesterol esterase. The resulting cholesterol is then acted upon by cholesterol oxidase to produce cholest-4-en-3-one and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide then reacts with 4-aminophenazone in the presence of peroxidase to produce a colored product that is measured at 505 nm (secondary wavelength = 700 nm). The final step is known as the Trinder reaction. This method is a single reagent, endpoint reaction that is specific for cholesterol.

Cholesterol, a steroid molecule with a hydroxyl group in the C3 position, is synthesized in many types of tissue, but mainly in the liver and intestinal wall. About 75 per cent of cholesterol is newly synthesized, with the remainder originating from dietary intake. Cholesterol measurement is performed to screen for atherosclerotic risk and in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders involving elevated cholesterol as well as lipid and lipoprotein metabolic disorders.

There were no changes (from the previous 2 years of NHANES) to equipment, lab methods, or lab site.

Detailed instructions on specimen collection and processing can be found in the NHANES Laboratory/Medical Technologists Procedures Manual (LPM).

Read the General Documentation on Laboratory Data file for detailed data processing and editing protocols.

One DERIVED derived calculated variable was created in this data file. The formula for its derivation is as follows:

LBXTC and LBDTCSI:
The total cholesterol in mg/dL (LBXTC) was converted to mmol/L (LBDTCSI) by multiplying by 0.02586.

The NHANES quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) protocols meet the 1988 Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act mandates. Detailed QA/QC instructions are discussed in the NHANES Laboratory/Medical Technologists Procedures Manual (LPM). Read the General Documentation on Laboratory Data file for detailed QA/QC protocols.

The analysis of NHANES laboratory data must be conducted with the key survey design and basic demographic variables. The NHANES Household Questionnaire Data Files contain demographic data, health indicators, and other related information collected during household interviews. The Household Questionnaire Data Files also contain all survey design variables and sample weights required to analyze these data. The Phlebotomy Examination file includes auxiliary information on duration of fasting, the time of day of the venipuncture, and the conditions precluding venipuncture. The Household Questionnaire and Phlebotomy Exam files may be linked to the laboratory data file using the unique survey participant identifier SEQN.

In cases, where the result was below the limit of detection, the value for that variable is the detection limit divided by the square root of two.

Exam sample weights should be used for analyses. Please refer to the NHANES Analytic Guidelines and the on-line NHANES Tutorial  for further details on the use of sample weights and other analytic issues.