Table of Contents

Component Description

The audiometry questionnaire (AUQ_L) data file provides personal interview data on self-assessed hearing condition, causes of hearing trouble, and a history of the hearing test. 

Eligible Sample

All survey participants aged 1 year and older in the NHANES August 2021–August 2023 sample are included in this dataset.

Interview Setting and Mode of Administration

These questions were asked in the home or on the phone, by trained interviewers using the Computer-Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) system. Hand cards showing response categories were also used for some questions. When necessary, household interviewers read the hand cards to survey participants. 

Participants 16 years of age and older and emancipated minors were interviewed directly. A proxy provided information for survey participants who were under 16 years of age and for participants who could not answer the questions themselves.

The NHANES August 2021-August 2023 questionnaires are available on the NHANES website.

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

The CAPI system is programmed with built-in consistency checks to reduce data entry errors. CAPI also uses online help screens to assist interviewers in defining key terms used in the questionnaire. Interviewers were required to audio-record interviews. The recorded interviews were reviewed by interviewer supervisors and NCHS staff. 

Data Processing and Editing

Frequency counts were checked, “skip” patterns were verified, and the reasonableness of question responses was reviewed. Edits were made to some variables to ensure the completeness, consistency, and analytic usefulness of the data. Edits were also made, when necessary, to address data disclosure concerns. 

Analytic Notes

The analysis of NHANES August 2021–August 2023 AUQ must be conducted using the appropriate survey design variables, sample weights, and the basic demographic variables. Interview weights should only be used if questionnaire data are analyzed by themselves. However, if AUQ data are merged with the MEC examination data or laboratory full sample data, the MEC examination weights should be used for analyses. If AUQ data are merged with laboratory subsample data, subsample weights should be used for analyses. 

Please also refer to the NHANES Analytic Guidelines and the on-line NHANES Tutorial for details on the use of sample weights and other analytic issues.

Codebook and Frequencies

SEQN - Respondent sequence number

Variable Name:
SEQN
SAS Label:
Respondent sequence number
English Text:
Respondent sequence number.
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS

AUQ054 - General condition of hearing

Variable Name:
AUQ054
SAS Label:
General condition of hearing
English Text:
These next questions are about {your/SP's} hearing. Which statement best describes {your/SP's} hearing (without a hearing aid, personal sound amplifier, or other listening devices)? Would you say {your/his/her} hearing is excellent, good, that {you have/s/he has} a little trouble, moderate trouble, a lot of trouble, or {are you/is s/he} deaf?
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Excellent 5201 5201 AUQ413
2 Good 4217 9418 AUQ413
3 A little trouble 1354 10772
4 Moderate hearing trouble 645 11417
5 A lot of trouble 284 11701
6 Deaf 36 11737
77 Refused 1 11738 AUQ413
99 Don't know 2 11740 AUQ413
. Missing 4 11744

AUQ395 - CHECK ITEM

Variable Name:
AUQ395
English Instructions:
BOX 2A. CHECK ITEM AUQ395: IF AUQ054 = {3, 4, 5 OR 6} CONTINUE. OTHERWISE, GO TO BOX 2B.
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS

AUQ410A - Cause of hearing loss-Genetic/Hereditary

Variable Name:
AUQ410A
SAS Label:
Cause of hearing loss-Genetic/Hereditary
English Text:
What are the main causes of {your/SP's} hearing loss?
English Instructions:
INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: CODE ALL THAT APPLY HAND CARD AUQ1
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Genetic/Hereditary causes 276 276
77 Refused 0 276
99 Don't know 82 358
. Missing 11386 11744

AUQ410B - Cause of hearing loss-Ear infections

Variable Name:
AUQ410B
SAS Label:
Cause of hearing loss-Ear infections
English Text:
What are the main causes of {your/SP's} hearing loss?
English Instructions:
INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: CODE ALL THAT APPLY HAND CARD AUQ1
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
2 Ear infections (including fluid in ears) 432 432
. Missing 11312 11744

AUQ410C - Cause of hearing loss-Ear diseases

Variable Name:
AUQ410C
SAS Label:
Cause of hearing loss-Ear diseases
English Text:
What are the main causes of {your/SP's} hearing loss?
English Instructions:
INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: CODE ALL THAT APPLY HAND CARD AUQ1
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
3 Ear diseases (Otosclerosis, Menieres, Tumor) 87 87
. Missing 11657 11744

AUQ410D - Cause of hearing loss-Illness/Infections

Variable Name:
AUQ410D
SAS Label:
Cause of hearing loss-Illness/Infections
English Text:
What are the main causes of {your/SP's} hearing loss?
English Instructions:
INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: CODE ALL THAT APPLY HAND CARD AUQ1
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
4 Illness/Infections (Measles, Meningitis, Mumps) 86 86
. Missing 11658 11744

AUQ410E - Cause of hearing loss-Drugs/Medications

Variable Name:
AUQ410E
SAS Label:
Cause of hearing loss-Drugs/Medications
English Text:
What are the main causes of {your/SP's} hearing loss?
English Instructions:
INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: CODE ALL THAT APPLY HAND CARD AUQ1
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
5 Drugs/Medications 30 30
. Missing 11714 11744

AUQ410F - Cause of hearing loss-Head/Neck injury

Variable Name:
AUQ410F
SAS Label:
Cause of hearing loss-Head/Neck injury
English Text:
What are the main causes of {your/SP's} hearing loss?
English Instructions:
INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: CODE ALL THAT APPLY HAND CARD AUQ1
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
6 Head or neck injury/trauma 134 134
. Missing 11610 11744

AUQ410G - Cause of hearing loss-Loud brief noise

Variable Name:
AUQ410G
SAS Label:
Cause of hearing loss-Loud brief noise
English Text:
What are the main causes of {your/SP's} hearing loss?
English Instructions:
INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: CODE ALL THAT APPLY HAND CARD AUQ1
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
7 Loud brief explosive noise/sounds 450 450
. Missing 11294 11744

AUQ410H - Cause of hearing loss-Long-term noise

Variable Name:
AUQ410H
SAS Label:
Cause of hearing loss-Long-term noise
English Text:
What are the main causes of {your/SP's} hearing loss?
English Instructions:
INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: CODE ALL THAT APPLY HAND CARD AUQ1
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
8 Noise exposure, long-term (machinery, etc.) 806 806
. Missing 10938 11744

AUQ410I - Cause of hearing loss-Aging

Variable Name:
AUQ410I
SAS Label:
Cause of hearing loss-Aging
English Text:
What are the main causes of {your/SP's} hearing loss?
English Instructions:
INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: CODE ALL THAT APPLY HAND CARD AUQ1
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
9 Aging, getting older 1179 1179
. Missing 10565 11744

AUQ410J - Cause of hearing loss-Others

Variable Name:
AUQ410J
SAS Label:
Cause of hearing loss-Others
English Text:
What are the main causes of {your/SP's} hearing loss?
English Instructions:
INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: CODE ALL THAT APPLY HAND CARD AUQ1
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
10 Other causes 66 66
. Missing 11678 11744

AUQ413 - CHECK ITEM

Variable Name:
AUQ413
English Instructions:
BOX 2B. CHECK ITEM AUQ413: IF AGE = 20 CONTINUE. OTHERWISE, GO TO END OF SECTION.
Target:
Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS

AUQ144 - Last time hearing tested by specialist?

Variable Name:
AUQ144
SAS Label:
Last time hearing tested by specialist?
English Text:
A hearing test by a specialist is one that is done in a sound proof booth or room, or with headphones. Hearing specialists include audiologists, ear nose and throat doctors, and trained technicians or occupational nurses. When was the last time {you /SP} had {your/his/her} hearing tested by a hearing specialist?
English Instructions:
READ CATEGORIES IF NECESSARY
Target:
Both males and females 20 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Less than a year ago 717 717
2 1 year to 4 years ago 1378 2095
3 5 to 9 years ago 969 3064
4 Ten or more years ago 2561 5625
5 Never 1963 7588
7 Refused 1 7589
9 Don't know 218 7807
. Missing 3937 11744

AUQ101 - Difficult to follow conversation w/noise

Variable Name:
AUQ101
SAS Label:
Difficult to follow conversation w/noise
English Text:
How often {do you/does SP} have difficulty hearing and understanding if there is background noise, for example, when other people are talking, TV or radio is on, or children are playing? Would you say...
Target:
Both males and females 20 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Always 494 494
2 Usually 696 1190
3 About half the time 1315 2505
4 Seldom 2834 5339
5 Never 2444 7783
7 Refused 2 7785
9 Don't know 19 7804
. Missing 3940 11744