Table of Contents

Component Description

 The smoking - recent tobacco use questionnaire (variable name prefix SMQRTU) provides details on use of cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and other forms of tobacco, including e-cigarette use, as well as nicotine replacement therapies in the past 5 days.

Eligible Sample

Participants aged 12 years and older who were able to understand and read English or Spanish were eligible. The interview was not administered to participants needing a proxy informant.

Interview Setting and Mode of Administration

Questions were self-administered at the Mobile Examination Center (MEC) during the personal (MEC) Interview using the Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) system, in English and Spanish only.

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

ACASI systems are programmed with built-in consistency checks to reduce data entry errors.

Data Processing and Editing

Edits were made to ensure completeness, consistency, and analytic usefulness of the data. A variable, SMAQUEX was created as a flag to designate each age group.

Analytic Notes

SMDANY is a summary variable for any tobacco use in the past 5 days. For adults 18+ years, this was based on responses to three questions on tobacco use (smoke, smokeless, nicotine replacement therapy products) (SMQ681, SMQ851, SMQ863). For youths 12-17 years, SMDANY was based on responses to SMQ681 and SMQ851 (smoke and smokeless).

SMQ720: Reports of 40 or more cigarettes per day were assigned a top code of 40.

SMQ690K: Smokeless products were grouped due to limited numbers of counts for specific products. 

Related questions on cigarette and tobacco use for August 2021-August 2023 are located in the SMQ data files. Biomarkers for tobacco exposure, including serum cotinine, are found in NHANES laboratory data files.

Please refer to the NHANES Analytic Guidelines and the on-line NHANES Tutorial for further details on the use of sample weights and other analytic issues.

Codebook and Frequencies

SEQN - Respondent sequence number

Variable Name:
SEQN
SAS Label:
Respondent sequence number
English Text:
Respondent sequence number.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS

SMQ681 - Smoked tobacco last 5 days?

Variable Name:
SMQ681
SAS Label:
Smoked tobacco last 5 days?
English Text:
During the past 5 days, including today, did you smoke cigarettes, pipes, regular cigars, cigarillos, or little filtered cigars, water pipes, or hookahs with tobacco?
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Yes 935 935
2 No 5330 6265 SMQ846
7 Refused 1 6266 SMQ846
9 Don't know 2 6268 SMQ846
. Missing 931 7199

SMQ690A - Used last 5 days - Cigarettes

Variable Name:
SMQ690A
SAS Label:
Used last 5 days - Cigarettes
English Text:
Which of these products did {you/he/she} use?
English Instructions:
(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY). Verbal instructions to respondent: Please select all that you used.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Cigarettes 788 788
77 Refused 1 789
99 Don't know 3 792
. Missing 6407 7199

SMQ710 - # days smoked cigarettes last 5 days

Variable Name:
SMQ710
SAS Label:
# days smoked cigarettes last 5 days
English Text:
During the past 5 days, including today, on how many days did {you/he/she} smoke cigarettes?
English Instructions:
ENTER NUMBER OF DAYS.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Hard Edits:
1 to 5
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 to 5 Range of Values 786 786
7 Refused 1 787
9 Don't know 1 788
. Missing 6411 7199

SMQ720 - # cigarettes smoked per day

Variable Name:
SMQ720
SAS Label:
# cigarettes smoked per day
English Text:
During the past 5 days, including today, on the days {you/he/she} smoked, how many cigarettes did {you/he/she} smoke each day?
English Instructions:
ENTER NUMBER OF CIGARETTES.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 to 35 Range of Values 772 772
40 40 or more 14 786
777 Refused 1 787
999 Don't know 1 788
. Missing 6411 7199

SMQ725 - When did resp. smoke last cigarette?

Variable Name:
SMQ725
SAS Label:
When did resp. smoke last cigarette?
English Text:
When did {you/he/she} smoke {your/his/her} last cigarette? Was it...
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Today 665 665
2 Yesterday 77 742
3 3 to 5 days ago 41 783
7 Refused 0 783
9 Don't know 1 784
. Missing 6415 7199

SMQ690B - Used last 5 days - Pipes

Variable Name:
SMQ690B
SAS Label:
Used last 5 days - Pipes
English Text:
Which of these products did {you/he/she} use?
English Instructions:
(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY). Verbal instructions to respondent: Please select all that you used.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
2 Pipes 25 25
. Missing 7174 7199

SMQ740 - # days smoked pipe over last 5 days

Variable Name:
SMQ740
SAS Label:
# days smoked pipe over last 5 days
English Text:
During the past 5 days, including today, on how many days did {you/he/she} smoke a pipe?
English Instructions:
ENTER NUMBER OF DAYS.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Hard Edits:
1 to 5
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 to 5 Range of Values 25 25
7 Refused 0 25
9 Don't know 0 25
. Missing 7174 7199

SMQ690C - Used last 5 days - Cigars

Variable Name:
SMQ690C
SAS Label:
Used last 5 days - Cigars
English Text:
Which of these products did {you/he/she} use?
English Instructions:
(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY). Verbal instructions to respondent: Please select all that you used.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
3 Cigars or little cigars or cigarillos 122 122
. Missing 7077 7199

SMQ770 - # days smoked cigars over last 5 days

Variable Name:
SMQ770
SAS Label:
# days smoked cigars over last 5 days
English Text:
During the past 5 days, including today, on how many days did you smoke regular cigars, cigarillos, or little filtered cigars?
English Instructions:
ENTER NUMBER OF DAYS.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Hard Edits:
1 to 5
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 to 5 Range of Values 122 122
7 Refused 0 122
9 Don't know 0 122
. Missing 7077 7199

SMQ690G - Used last 5 days - Hookah, water pipes

Variable Name:
SMQ690G
SAS Label:
Used last 5 days - Hookah, water pipes
English Text:
Which of these products did {you/he/she} use?
English Instructions:
CHECK ALL THAT APPLY). Verbal instructions to respondent: Please select all that you used.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
7 Water pipes or Hookahs 46 46
. Missing 7153 7199

SMQ845 - # days smoked water pipe last 5 days

Variable Name:
SMQ845
SAS Label:
# days smoked water pipe last 5 days
English Text:
During the past 5 days, including today, on how many days did {you/he/she} smoke tobacco in a water pipe or Hookah?
English Instructions:
ENTER NUMBER OF DAYS.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Hard Edits:
1 to 5
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 to 5 Range of Values 45 45
7 Refused 0 45
9 Don't know 1 46
. Missing 7153 7199

SMQ846 - Used last 5 days - E-cigarettes

Variable Name:
SMQ846
SAS Label:
Used last 5 days - E-cigarettes
English Text:
During the past 5 days, including today, did you use e-cigarettes? You may also know them as JUUL(TM), vape-pens, vapes, hookah-pens, e-hookahs, or vaporizers. These are battery-powered, usually contain liquid nicotine, and produce vapor instead of smoke?
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Yes 400 400
2 No 5863 6263 SMQ851
7 Refused 1 6264 SMQ851
9 Don't know 4 6268 SMQ851
. Missing 931 7199

SMQ849 - # days used e-cigarettes last 5 days

Variable Name:
SMQ849
SAS Label:
# days used e-cigarettes last 5 days
English Text:
During the past 5 days, including today, on how many days did {you/he/she} use e-cigarettes?
English Instructions:
ENTER NUMBER OF DAYS.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Hard Edits:
1 to 5
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 to 5 Range of Values 399 399
7 Refused 0 399
9 Don't know 1 400
. Missing 6799 7199

SMQ851 - Used smokeless tobacco last 5 days?

Variable Name:
SMQ851
SAS Label:
Used smokeless tobacco last 5 days?
English Text:
Smokeless tobacco products are placed in the mouth or nose and can include chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, or dissolvable tobacco. During the past 5 days, including today, did {you/he/she} use any smokeless tobacco?
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Yes 92 92
2 No 6167 6259 SMQ863
7 Refused 2 6261 SMQ863
9 Don't know 2 6263 SMQ863
. Missing 936 7199

SMQ690D - Used last 5 days - Chewing tobacco

Variable Name:
SMQ690D
SAS Label:
Used last 5 days - Chewing tobacco
English Text:
Which of these products did {you/he/she} use?
English Instructions:
(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY). Verbal instructions to respondent: Please select all that you used.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
4 Chewing tobacco 30 30
77 Refused 2 32
99 Don't know 9 41
. Missing 7158 7199

SMQ690E - Used last 5 days - Snuff

Variable Name:
SMQ690E
SAS Label:
Used last 5 days - Snuff
English Text:
Which of these products did {you/he/she} use?
English Instructions:
(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY). Verbal instructions to respondent: Please select all that you used.
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
5 Snuff 8 8
. Missing 7191 7199

SMQ690K - Used last 5 days - Other smokeless

Variable Name:
SMQ690K
SAS Label:
Used last 5 days - Other smokeless
English Text:
Which of these products did {you/he/she} use?
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
11 Other smokeless 51 51
. Missing 7148 7199

SMQ863 - Used nicotine replacement last 5 days?

Variable Name:
SMQ863
SAS Label:
Used nicotine replacement last 5 days?
English Text:
During the past 5 days, including today, did {you/he/she} use any nicotine replacement therapy products such as nicotine patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers, or nasal sprays?
Target:
Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Yes 86 86
2 No 5397 5483 SMDANY
7 Refused 2 5485 SMDANY
9 Don't know 0 5485 SMDANY
. Missing 1714 7199

SMQ690F - Used last 5 days - Patch, gum, other

Variable Name:
SMQ690F
SAS Label:
Used last 5 days - Patch, gum, other
English Text:
Which of these products did {you/he/she} use?
English Instructions:
(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY). Verbal instructions to respondent: Please select all that you used.
Target:
Both males and females 18 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
6 Nicotine patches, gum, or other nicotine replacement therapy product 86 86
. Missing 7113 7199

SMDANY - Used any tobacco product last 5 days?

Variable Name:
SMDANY
SAS Label:
Used any tobacco product last 5 days?
English Text:
Used any tobacco product last 5 days?
Target:
Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS
Code or Value Value Description Count Cumulative Skip to Item
1 Yes 1282 1282
2 No 4969 6251
7 Refused 1 6252
9 Don't know 0 6252
. Missing 947 7199