National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2007-2008 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies

Mental Health - Depression Screener - Youth (DPQYTH_E)

RDC Only Data File: DPQYTH_E.xpt

First Published: October 2009

Last Revised: NA

Due to disclosure issues, this dataset is not available publicly. Access may be obtained through the NCHS Research Data Center (https://www.cdc.gov/rdc).

Component Description

Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a nine-item screening instrument that asks questions about the frequency of symptoms of depression over the past 2 weeks. A final follow-up question assesses the overall impairment of the depressive symptoms. Response categories "not at all," "several days," "more than half the days" and "nearly every day" were given a score ranging from 0 to 3. A total score was calculated ranging from 0 to 27. A score of 10 or higher has been well validated and is commonly used in clinical studies to define depression. Other methods for defining depression based on this instrument are also used.

Eligible Sample

Mobile examination center participants 12 years and older were eligible. No proxies were permitted to answer these questions. Only data from youths aged 12-17 years are included in this restricted data file. A public use data file DPQ_G is available for adults 18+ years.

Interview Setting and Mode of Administration

These questions were asked by trained interviewers in Spanish or English using the Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) system during the MEC private interview.

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

The CAPI system is programmed with built-in consistency checks to reduce data entry errors. CAPI also uses online help screens to assist interviewers in defining key terms used in the questionnaire.

Approximately 5% of the interviews were recorded and reviewed for quality control purposes.

Data Processing and Editing

Edits were made to ensure the completeness, consistency and analytic usefulness of the data.

Analytic Notes

Depression and depression severity have been defined using various methods in the scientific literature. Researchers may want to pay special attention to records with item non-response (questions that have missing, “don’t know” or “refusal” responses) in deriving a score or severity measure.

MEC exam sample weights should be used for the analyses.

Please refer to the NHANES Analytic Guidelines and the on-line NHANES Tutorial for further details on the use of sample weights and other analytic issues.

References

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL. The PHQ-9: a new depression and diagnostic severity measure. Psych Annals 2002; 32:509-21.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, William JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001; 16: 1606-13.
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self-report version of Prime MD: the PHQ primary care study. JAMA 1999; 282: 1737-44.

Codebook and Frequencies

SEQN - Respondent sequence number

Variable Name:: SEQN
SAS Label:: Respondent sequence number
English Text:: Respondent sequence number.
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

DPQ001 - CHECK ITEM

Variable Name:: DPQ001
English Instructions:: BOX 1. CHECK ITEM DPQ001: IF INTERVIEW DONE ONLY WITH SURVEY PARTICIPANT (CODED '1' IN RIQ005), CONTINUE. OTHERWISE, GO TO NEXT SECTION.
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

DPQ010 - Little interest in doing things

Variable Name:: DPQ010
SAS Label:: Little interest in doing things
English Text:: Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems: little interest or pleasure in doing things? Would you say...
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	639	639
1	Several days	162	801
2	More than half the days	28	829
3	Nearly every day	15	844
7	Refused	0	844
9	Don't know	0	844
.	Missing	78	922

DPQ020 - Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless

Variable Name:: DPQ020
SAS Label:: Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	655	655
1	Several days	144	799
2	More than half the days	33	832
3	Nearly every day	12	844
7	Refused	0	844
9	Don't know	0	844
.	Missing	78	922

DPQ030 - Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much

Variable Name:: DPQ030
SAS Label:: Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	494	494
1	Several days	244	738
2	More than half the days	56	794
3	Nearly every day	50	844
7	Refused	0	844
9	Don't know	0	844
.	Missing	78	922

DPQ040 - Feeling tired or having little energy

Variable Name:: DPQ040
SAS Label:: Feeling tired or having little energy
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] feeling tired or having little energy?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	423	423
1	Several days	322	745
2	More than half the days	56	801
3	Nearly every day	43	844
7	Refused	0	844
9	Don't know	0	844
.	Missing	78	922

DPQ050 - Poor appetite or overeating

Variable Name:: DPQ050
SAS Label:: Poor appetite or overeating
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] poor appetite or overeating?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	649	649
1	Several days	135	784
2	More than half the days	35	819
3	Nearly every day	25	844
7	Refused	0	844
9	Don't know	0	844
.	Missing	78	922

DPQ060 - Feeling bad about yourself

Variable Name:: DPQ060
SAS Label:: Feeling bad about yourself
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] feeling bad about yourself - or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	687	687
1	Several days	121	808
2	More than half the days	22	830
3	Nearly every day	14	844
7	Refused	0	844
9	Don't know	0	844
.	Missing	78	922

DPQ070 - Trouble concentrating on things

Variable Name:: DPQ070
SAS Label:: Trouble concentrating on things
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching TV?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	630	630
1	Several days	150	780
2	More than half the days	34	814
3	Nearly every day	29	843
7	Refused	0	843
9	Don't know	1	844
.	Missing	78	922

DPQ080 - Moving or speaking slowly or too fast

Variable Name:: DPQ080
SAS Label:: Moving or speaking slowly or too fast
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed? Or the opposite - being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual?
English Instructions:: HANDCARD DPQ1
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	724	724
1	Several days	87	811
2	More than half the days	20	831
3	Nearly every day	13	844
7	Refused	0	844
9	Don't know	0	844
.	Missing	78	922

DPQ090 - Thought you would be better off dead

Variable Name:: DPQ090
SAS Label:: Thought you would be better off dead
English Text:: Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems: Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way?
English Instructions:: INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTION: IF DPQ.090 CODED 1, 2, OR 3 PLEASE COMPLETE MENTAL HEALTH OBSERVATION FOR PHYSICIAN REVIEW AT CONCLUSION OF INTERVIEW.
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	794	794
1	Several days	38	832
2	More than half the days	8	840
3	Nearly every day	4	844
7	Refused	0	844
9	Don't know	0	844
.	Missing	78	922

DPQ095 - CHECK ITEM

Variable Name:: DPQ095
English Instructions:: BOX 2. CHECK ITEM DPQ095: IF RESPONSE TO ANY OF QUESTIONS DPQ010 - DPQ090 = 1, 2, OR 3, GO TO DPQ100. OTHERWISE, GO TO NEXT SECTION.
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

DPQ100 - Difficulty these problems have caused

Variable Name:: DPQ100
SAS Label:: Difficulty these problems have caused
English Text:: How difficult have these problems made it for you to do your work, take care of things at home, or get along with people?
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all difficult	462	462
1	Somewhat difficult	143	605
2	Very difficult	12	617
3	Extremely difficult	5	622
7	Refused	0	622
9	Don't know	1	623
.	Missing	299	922

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