National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

August 2021-August 2023 Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies

Mental Health - Depression Screener - Youth (DPQY_L_R)

RDC Only Data File: DPQY_L_R.xpt

First Published: September 2024

Last Revised: NA

Due to disclosure issues, this dataset is not available publicly. Access may be obtained through the NCHS Research Data Center (https://www.cdc.gov/rdc).

Component Description

A nine-item depression screening instrument (variable name prefix DPQ), called the Patient Health Questionnaire (also, PHQ-9), (Kroenke and Spitzer, 2002; Kroenke et. al., 2001) was administered to determine the frequency of depression symptoms over the past 2 weeks. For each symptom question, scores ranging from 0 to 3, are associated with the response categories "not at all," "several days," "more than half the days," and "nearly every day.” An additional functional impairment question is asked if any symptom is endorsed. This screening instrument incorporates DSM-IV depression diagnostic criteria (Spitzer et. al.,1999).

Eligible Sample

Participants aged 12 years and older who were able to understand and read English or Spanish were eligible. The interview was not administered to participants needing a proxy informant or interpreter due to the sensitive nature of the questions. Only data from participants aged 12 to 17 years are included in this data file. Data from participants aged 18 years and older are available publicly in the DPQ_L file.

Interview Setting and Mode of Administration

The questions were asked at the Mobile Examination Center (MEC) using the Audio Computer-Assisted Personal Interview (ACASI) system. In previous NHANES, these questions were administered as part of the face-to-face MEC Interview.

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

The CAPI system is programmed with built-in consistency checks to reduce data entry errors.

Data Processing and Editing

Edits were made to ensure completeness, consistency, and analytic usefulness of the data.

Analytic Notes

A total score, ranging from 0 to 27, can be calculated for participants who have complete responses to the symptom questions. Major depression and depression severity can be assessed using pre-defined cut-points, described in the references.

Please refer to the NHANES Analytic Guidelines and the on-line NHANES Tutorial for further details on the use of sample weights and other analytic issues.

References

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, William JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001; 16: 1606-13.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL. The PHQ-9: a new depression and diagnostic severity measure. Psych Annals 2002; 32:509-21.
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self-report version of Prime MD: the PHQ primary care study. JAMA 1999; 282: 1737-44.

Codebook and Frequencies

SEQN - Respondent sequence number

Variable Name:: SEQN
SAS Label:: Respondent sequence number
English Text:: Respondent sequence number.
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

DPQ010 - Have little interest in doing things

Variable Name:: DPQ010
SAS Label:: Have little interest in doing things
English Text:: Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems: little interest or pleasure in doing things? Would you say...
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	463	463
1	Several days	202	665
2	More than half the days	64	729
3	Nearly every day	45	774
7	Refused	0	774
9	Don't know	0	774
.	Missing	88	862

DPQ020 - Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless

Variable Name:: DPQ020
SAS Label:: Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	503	503
1	Several days	177	680
2	More than half the days	60	740
3	Nearly every day	34	774
7	Refused	0	774
9	Don't know	0	774
.	Missing	88	862

DPQ030 - Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much

Variable Name:: DPQ030
SAS Label:: Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much?
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	401	401
1	Several days	204	605
2	More than half the days	82	687
3	Nearly every day	87	774
7	Refused	0	774
9	Don't know	0	774
.	Missing	88	862

DPQ040 - Feeling tired or having little energy

Variable Name:: DPQ040
SAS Label:: Feeling tired or having little energy
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] feeling tired or having little energy?
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	361	361
1	Several days	267	628
2	More than half the days	93	721
3	Nearly every day	53	774
7	Refused	0	774
9	Don't know	0	774
.	Missing	88	862

DPQ050 - Poor appetite or overeating

Variable Name:: DPQ050
SAS Label:: Poor appetite or overeating
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] poor appetite or overeating?
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	528	528
1	Several days	147	675
2	More than half the days	53	728
3	Nearly every day	46	774
7	Refused	0	774
9	Don't know	0	774
.	Missing	88	862

DPQ060 - Feeling bad about yourself

Variable Name:: DPQ060
SAS Label:: Feeling bad about yourself
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] feeling bad about yourself - or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down?
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	493	493
1	Several days	160	653
2	More than half the days	62	715
3	Nearly every day	59	774
7	Refused	0	774
9	Don't know	0	774
.	Missing	88	862

DPQ070 - Trouble concentrating on things

Variable Name:: DPQ070
SAS Label:: Trouble concentrating on things
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching TV?
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	503	503
1	Several days	146	649
2	More than half the days	72	721
3	Nearly every day	52	773
7	Refused	0	773
9	Don't know	0	773
.	Missing	89	862

DPQ080 - Moving or speaking slowly or too fast

Variable Name:: DPQ080
SAS Label:: Moving or speaking slowly or too fast
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed? Or the opposite - being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual?
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	602	602
1	Several days	120	722
2	More than half the days	33	755
3	Nearly every day	18	773
7	Refused	0	773
9	Don't know	0	773
.	Missing	89	862

DPQ090 - Thought you would be better off dead

Variable Name:: DPQ090
SAS Label:: Thought you would be better off dead
English Text:: [Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems:] Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way?
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all	685	685
1	Several days	61	746
2	More than half the days	19	765
3	Nearly every day	8	773
7	Refused	0	773
9	Don't know	0	773
.	Missing	89	862

DPQ100 - Difficulty these problems have caused

Variable Name:: DPQ100
SAS Label:: Difficulty these problems have caused
English Text:: How difficult have these problems made it for you to do your work, take care of things at home, or get along with people?
Target:: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 17 YEARS

Code or Value	Value Description	Count	Cumulative
0	Not at all difficult	320	320
1	Somewhat difficult	225	545
2	Very difficult	53	598
3	Extremely difficult	15	613
7	Refused	0	613
9	Don't know	0	613
.	Missing	249	862

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