Medical Management Guidelines for Chlorine
(Cl2)
CAS# 7782-50-5
UN# 1017
PDF Versionpdf icon[162 KB]
Synonyms include molecular chlorine
- Persons exposed only to chlorine gas pose little risk
of secondary contamination to others. However, clothing
or skin soaked with industrial-strength chlorine bleach
or similar solutions may be corrosive to rescuers and may
release harmful chlorine gas.
- Chlorine is a yellow-green, noncombustible gas with a
pungent, irritating odor. It is a strong oxidizing agent
and can react explosively or form explosive compounds with
many common substances. Chlorine is heavier than air and
may collect in low-lying areas.
- Chlorine gas is highly corrosive when it contacts moist
tissues such as the eyes, skin, and upper respiratory tract.
Significant dermal absorption or ingestion is unlikely.
General Information
Description
At room temperature, chlorine is a yellow-green
gas with a pungent irritating odor. Under increased pressure
or at temperatures below -30ºF, it is a clear, amber-colored
liquid. It is generally shipped in steel cylinders as a compressed
liquid. Chlorine is only slightly soluble in water, but on
contact with moisture it forms hypochlorous acid (HClO) and
hydrochloric acid (HCl); the unstable HClO readily decomposes,
forming oxygen free radicals. Because of these reactions,
water substantially enhances chlorine's oxidizing and corrosive
effects.
Routes of Exposure
Inhalation
Most exposures to chlorine occur by inhalation.
Chlorine's odor or irritant properties are discernible by
most individuals at 0.32 ppm which is less than the OSHA permissible
exposure limit (PEL) of 1 ppm. Chlorine's odor or irritant
properties generally provide adequate warning of hazardous
concentrations. However, prolonged, low-level exposures, such
as those that occur in the workplace, can lead to olfactory
fatigue and tolerance of chlorine's irritant effects. Chlorine
is heavier than air and may cause asphyxiation in poorly ventilated,
enclosed, or low-lying areas.
Children are at increased risk for exposure
to inhaled toxicants because they have a greater lung surface
area:body weight ratio and an increased minute volume:weight
ratio. Children may be more vulnerable to corrosive agents
than adults because of the smaller diameter of their airways.
Children also may be at increased risk because of their short
stature, when higher concentrations of the chemical are found
at low-lying areas.
Skin/Eye Contact
Direct contact with liquid chlorine or
concentrated vapor causes severe chemical burns, leading to
cell death and ulceration.
Ingestion
Ingestion is unlikely to occur because
chlorine is a gas at room temperature. Solutions that are
able to generate chlorine (e.g., sodium hypochlorite solutions)
may cause corrosive injury if ingested.
Sources/Uses
Chlorine is produced commercially by
electrolysis of sodium chloride brine. It is among the ten
highest volume chemicals manufactured in the United States,
with 1998 production in excess of 14 million tons.
Chlorine's most important use is as a
bleach in the manufacture of paper and cloth. Chlorine is
also used widely as a chemical reagent in the synthesis and
manufacture of metallic chlorides, chlorinated solvents, pesticides,
polymers, synthetic rubbers, and refrigerants.
Sodium hypochlorite, which is a component
of commercial bleaches, cleaning solutions, and disinfectants
for drinking water and waste water purification systems and
swimming pools, releases chlorine gas when it comes in contact
with acids.
Standards and Guidelines
OSHA ceiling = 1 ppm
NIOSH IDLH (immediately dangerous to
life or health) = 10 ppm
AIHA ERPG-2 (maximum airborne concentration
below which it is believed that nearly all persons could be
exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing
irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that
could impair their abilities to take protective action) =
3 ppm.
Physical Properties
Description: Yellow-green gas
at room temperature
Warning properties: odor and irritation
are generally adequate, but olfactory fatigue can occur; pungent
odor at about 0.31 ppm
Molecular weight: 70.9 daltons
Boiling point (760 mm Hg) = -29ºF
(-34ºC)
Freezing point: -150ºF (-101ºC)
Specific gravity: 1.56 at boiling
point (water = 1)
Vapor pressure: 5,168 mm Hg at
68ºF (20ºC)
Gas density: 2.5 (air = 1)
Water solubility: (0.7% at 68ºF)
(20ºC)
Flammability: Not flammable, but
reacts explosively or forms explosive compounds with many
common substances
Incompatibilities
Chlorine reacts explosively or forms
explosive compounds with many common substances such as acetylene,
ether, turpentine, ammonia, fuel gas, hydrogen, and finely
divided metals.
Health Effects
- Chlorine gas is irritating and corrosive to the eyes,
skin, and respiratory tract.
- Exposure to chlorine may cause burning of the eyes, nose,
and throat; cough as well as constriction and edema of the
airway and lungs can occur.
Acute Exposure
The toxic effects of chlorine are primarily
due to its corrosive properties. The action of chlorine is
due to its strong oxidizing capability, in which chlorine
splits hydrogen from water in moist tissue, causing the release
of nascent oxygen and hydrogen chloride which produce major
tissue damage. Alternatively, chlorine may be converted to
hypochlorous acid which can penetrate cells and react with
cytoplasmic proteins to form N-chloro derivatives that destroy
cell structure. Symptoms may be apparent immediately or delayed
for a few hours.
Respiratory
Chlorine is water soluble and therefore,
primarily removed by the upper airways. Exposure to low concentrations
of chlorine (1 to 10 ppm) may cause eye and nasal irritation,
sore throat, and coughing. Inhalation of higher concentrations
of chlorine gas (>15 ppm) can rapidly lead to respiratory
distress with airway constriction and accumulation of fluid
in the lungs (pulmonary edema). Patients may have immediate
onset of rapid breathing, blue discoloration of the skin,
wheezing, rales or hemoptysis. In symptomatic patients, pulmonary
injury may progress over several hours. Lung collapse may
occur. The lowest lethal concentration for a 30-minute exposure
has been estimated as 430 ppm. Exposure to chlorine can lead
to reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS), a chemical
irritant-induced type of asthma.
Children may be more vulnerable to corrosive
agents than adults because of the smaller diameter of their
airways. Children may also be more vulnerable to gas exposure
because of increased minute ventilation per kg and failure
to evacuate an area promptly when exposed.
Cardiovascular
Tachycardia and initial hypertension
followed by hypotension may occur. After severe exposure,
cardiovascular collapse may occur from lack of oxygen.
Metabolic
Acidosis may result from insufficient
oxygenation of tissues. An unusual complication of massive
chlorine inhalation is an excess of chloride ions in the blood,
causing an acid-base imbalance.
Because of their higher metabolic rates,
children may be more vulnerable to toxicants interfering with
basic metabolism.
Dermal
Chlorine irritates the skin and can cause
burning pain, inflammation, and blisters. Exposure to liquefied
chlorine can result in frostbite injury.
Ocular
Low concentrations in air can cause burning
discomfort, spasmodic blinking or involuntary closing of the
eyelids, redness, conjunctivitis, and tearing. Corneal burns
may occur at high concentrations.
Potential Sequelae
After acute exposure, pulmonary function
usually returns toward baseline within 7 to 14 days. Although
complete recovery generally occurs, symptoms and prolonged
pulmonary impairment may persist. Exposure to chlorine can
lead to reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS), a chemical
irritant-induced type of asthma.
Chronic Exposure
Chronic exposure to chlorine, usually
in the workplace, may cause corrosion of the teeth. Multiple
exposures to chlorine have produced flu-like symptoms and
a high risk of developing reactive airways dysfunction syndrome
(RADS).
Carcinogenicity
Chlorine has not been classified for
carcinogenic effects. However, the association of cigarette
smoking and chlorine fumes may increase the risk of cancer.
Reproductive and Developmental Effects
No information is available regarding
reproductive or developmental effects of chlorine in experimental
animals or humans. Chlorine gas has been used as a chemical
warfare agent, but no retrospective reproductive studies of
survivors have been published. Chlorine is not included in
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicants, a 1991 report
published by the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) that
lists 30 chemicals of concern because of widely acknowledged
reproductive and developmental consequences.
Prehospital Management
- Rescue personnel are at low risk of secondary contamination
from victims who have been exposed only to chlorine gas.
However, clothing or skin soaked with industrial-strength
bleach or similar solutions may be corrosive to rescuers
and may release harmful chlorine gas.
- Acute exposure to chlorine gas initially causes coughing,
eye and nose irritation, lacrimation, and a burning sensation
in the chest. Airway constriction and noncardiogenic pulmonary
edema may occur. Chlorine irritates the skin and can cause
burning pain, inflammation, and blisters. Exposure to liquefied
chlorine can result in frostbite.
- There is no specific antidote for chlorine poisoning.
Treatment is supportive.
Hot Zone
Rescuers should be trained and appropriately
attired before entering the Hot Zone. If the proper equipment
is not available, or if rescuers have not been trained in
its use, assistance should be obtained from a local or regional
HAZMAT team or other properly equipped response organization.
Rescuer Protection
Chlorine is a severe respiratory-tract
and skin irritant.
Respiratory Protection: Positive-pressure,
self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is recommended in
response situations that involve exposure to potentially unsafe
levels of chlorine.
Skin Protection: Chemical-protective
clothing should be worn because chlorine gas can condense
on the skin and cause irritation and burns.
ABC Reminders
Quickly access for a patent airway, ensure
adequate respiration and pulse. If trauma is suspected, maintain
cervical immobilization manually and apply a cervical collar
and a backboard when feasible.
Victim Removal
If victims can walk, lead them out of
the Hot Zone to the Decontamination Zone. Victims who are
unable to walk may be removed on backboards or gurneys; if
these are not available, carefully carry or drag victims to
safety.
Consider appropriate management of chemically
contaminated children, such as measures to reduce separation
anxiety if a child is separated from a parent or other adult.
Decontamination Zone
Victims exposed only to chlorine gas
who have no skin or eye irritation do not need decontamination.
They may be transferred immediately to the Support Zone. All
others require decontamination as described below.
Rescuer Protection
If exposure levels are determined to
be safe, decontamination may be conducted by personnel wearing
a lower level of protection than that worn in the Hot Zone
(described above).
ABC Reminders
Quickly access for a patent airway, ensure
adequate respiration and pulse. Stabilize the cervical spine
with a collar and a backboard if trauma is suspected. Administer
supplemental oxygen as required. Assist ventilation with a
bag-valve-mask device if necessary.
Basic Decontamination
Victims who are able and cooperative
may assist with their own decontamination. Remove and double-bag
contaminated clothing and personal belongings.
Handle frostbitten skin and eyes with
caution. Place frostbitten skin in warm water, about 108ºF
(42ºC). If warm water is not available wrap the affected
part gently in blankets. Let the circulation reestablish itself
naturally. Encourage the victim to exercise the affected part
while it is being warmed.
Flush exposed skin and hair with plain
water for 3 to 5 minutes, then wash twice with mild soap.
Rinse thoroughly with water.
Do not irrigate eyes that have sustained
frostbite injury. Otherwise, irrigate exposed or irritated
eyes with plain water or saline for 15 minutes. Eye irrigation
may be carried out simultaneously with other basic care and
transport. Remove contact lenses if it can be done without
additional trauma to the eye. If a corrosive material is suspected
or if pain or injury is evident, continue irrigation while
transferring the victim to the support zone.
Consider appropriate management of chemically
contaminated children, such as measures to reduce separation
anxiety if a child is separated from a parent or other adult.
If possible, seek assistance from a child separation expert.
Transfer to Support Zone
As soon as basic decontamination is complete,
move the victim to the Support Zone.
Support Zone
Be certain that victims have been decontaminated
properly (see Decontamination Zone above). Victims
who have undergone decontamination or have been exposed only
to chlorine gas pose no serious risks of secondary contamination
to rescuers. In such cases, Support Zone personnel require
no specialized protective gear.
ABC Reminders
Quickly access for a patent airway. If
trauma is suspected, maintain cervical immobilization manually
and apply a cervical collar and a backboard when feasible.
Ensure adequate respiration and pulse. Administer supplemental
oxygen as required and establish intravenous access if necessary.
Place on a cardiac monitor. Watch for signs of airway swelling
and obstruction such as progressive hoarseness, stridor, or
cyanosis.
Additional Decontamination
Continue irrigating exposed skin and
eyes, as appropriate.
Advanced Treatment
In cases of respiratory compromise secure
airway and respiration via endotracheal intubation. Avoid
blind nasotracheal intubation or use of an esophageal obturator.
Use direct visualization to intubate. When the patient's condition
precludes endotracheal intubation, perform cricothyroidectomy
if equipped and trained to do so.
Treat patients who have bronchospasm
with aerosolized bronchodilators. The use of bronchial sensitizing
agents in situations of multiple chemical exposures
may pose additional risks. Consider the health of the myocardium
before choosing which type of bronchodilator should be administered.
Cardiac sensitizing agents may be appropriate; however, the
use of cardiac sensitizing agents after exposure to certain
chemicals may pose enhanced risk of cardiac arrhythmias (especially
in the elderly). Chlorine poisoning is not known to pose additional
risk during the use of bronchial or cardiac sensitizing agents.
Consider racemic epinephrine aerosol
for children who develop stridor. Dose 0.25-0.7 5 m of 2.25%
racemic epinephrine solution in 2.5 cc water, repeat every
20 minutes as needed cautioning for myocardial variability.
Patients who are comatose, hypotensive,
or having seizures or who have cardiac arrhythmias should
be treated according to advanced life support (ALS) protocols.
If frostbite is present, treat by rewarming
in a water bath at a temperature of 102 to 108ºF (40
to 42ºC) for 20 to 30 minutes and continue until a flush
has returned to the affected area.
Transport to Medical Facility
Only decontaminated patients or those
not requiring decontamination should be transported to a medical
facility. "Body bags" are not recommended.
Report to the base station and the receiving
medical facility the condition of the patient, treatment given,
and estimated time of arrival at the medical facility.
Multi-Casualty Triage
Consult with the base station physician
or the regional poison control center for advice regarding
triage of multiple victims.
Patients with evidence of significant
exposure (e.g., severe or persistent cough, dyspnea or chemical
burns) should be transported to a medical facility for evaluation.
Patients who have minor or transient irritation of the eyes
or throat may be discharged from the scene after their names,
addresses, and telephone numbers are recorded. They should
be advised to seek medical care promptly if symptoms develop
or recur (see Patient Information Sheet below).
Emergency Department Management
- Hospital personnel are at minimal risk of secondary contamination
from patients who have been exposed only to chlorine gas.
However, clothing or skin soaked with industrial-strength
bleach or similar solutions may be corrosive to personnel
and may release harmful chlorine gas.
- Acute exposure to chlorine gas initially causes coughing,
eye and nose irritation, lacrimation, and a burning sensation
in the chest. Airway constriction, noncardiogenic pulmonary
edema, hemoptysis, and bronchopneumonia may occur.
- Chlorine irritates the skin and can cause burning pain,
inflammation, and blisters. Exposure to liquefied chlorine
can result in frostbite.
- There is no specific antidote for chlorine poisoning.
Treatment requires supportive care.
Decontamination Area
Previously decontaminated patients and
patients exposed only to chlorine gas who have no skin or
eye irritation may be transferred immediately to the Critical
Care Area. All others require decontamination as described
below.
ABC Reminders
Evaluate and support airway, breathing,
and circulation. Children may be more vulnerable to corrosive
agents than adults because of the smaller diameter of their
airways. In cases of respiratory compromise secure airway
and respiration via endotracheal intubation. If not possible,
surgically secure an airway.
Treat patients who have bronchospasm
with aerosolized bronchodilators. The use of bronchial sensitizing
agents in situations of multiple chemical exposures may pose
additional risks. Consider the health of the myocardium before
choosing which type of bronchodilator should be administered.
Cardiac sensitizing agents may be appropriate; however, the
use of cardiac sensitizing agents after exposure to certain
chemicals may pose enhanced risk of cardiac arrhythmias (especially
in the elderly). Chlorine poisoning is not known to pose additional
risk during the use of bronchial or cardiac sensitizing agents.
Consider racemic epinephrine aerosol
for children who develop stridor. Dose 0.25-0.75 mL of 2.25%
racemic epinephrine solution in 2.5 cc water, repeat every
20 minutes as needed cautioning for myocardial variability.
Patients who are comatose, hypotensive,
or having seizures or cardiac arrhythmias should be treated
in the conventional manner.
Basic Decontamination
Patients who are able and cooperative
may assist with their own decontamination. Remove and double
bag contaminated clothing and personal belongings.
Handle frostbitten skin and eyes with
caution. Place frostbitten skin in warm water, about 108ºF
(42ºC). If warm water is not available, wrap the affected
part gently in blankets. Let the circulation reestablish itself
naturally. Encourage the victim to exercise the affected part
while it is being warmed.
Flush exposed skin and hair with plain
water for 2 to 3 minutes (preferably under a shower), then
wash twice with mild soap. Rinse thoroughly with water. Use
caution to avoid hypothermia when decontaminating children
or the elderly. Use blankets or warmers when appropriate.
Do not irrigate frostbitten eyes. Otherwise,
begin irrigation of exposed eyes. Remove contact lenses if
it can be done without additional trauma to the eye. Continue
irrigation while transporting the patient to the Critical
Care Area.
Critical Care Area
Be certain that appropriate decontamination
has been carried out (see Decontamination Area above).
ABC Reminders
Evaluate and support airway, breathing,
and circulation as in ABC Reminders above. Establish intravenous
access in seriously ill patients if this has not been done
previously. Continuously monitor cardiac rhythm.
Patients who are comatose, hypotensive,
or having seizures or cardiac arrhythmias should be treated
in the conventional manner.
Inhalation Exposure
Administer supplemental oxygen by mask
to patients who have respiratory symptoms. Treat patients
who have bronchospasm with aerosolized bronchodilators. The
use of bronchial sensitizing agents in situations of multiple
chemical exposures may pose additional risks. Consider the
health of the myocardium before choosing which type of bronchodilator
should be administered. Cardiac sensitizing agents may be
appropriate; however, the use of cardiac sensitizing agents
after exposure to certain chemicals may pose enhanced risk
of cardiac arrhythmias (especially in the elderly). Chlorine
poisoning is not known to pose additional risk during the
use of bronchial or cardiac sensitizing agents.
Children may be more vulnerable to corrosive
agents than adults because of their smaller airways.
Consider racemic epinephrine aerosol
for children who develop stridor. Dose 0.25-0.75 mL of 2.25%
racemic epinephrine solution in 2.5 cc water, repeat every
20 minutes as needed cautioning for myocardial variability.
Skin Exposure
If concentrated chlorine gas or chlorine-generating
solutions contact the skin, chemical burns may occur; treat
as thermal burns. If the liquefied compressed gas is released
and contacts the skin, frostbite may result. If a victim has
frostbite, treat by rewarming affected areas in a water bath
at a temperature of 102 to 108ºF (40 to 42ºC) for
20 to 30 minutes and continue until a flush has returned to
the affected area.
Because of their larger surface area:body
weight ratio children are more vulnerable to toxicants absorbed
through the skin.
Eye Exposure
Chlorine-exposed eyes should be irrigated
for at least 15 minutes. Test visual acuity and examine the
eyes for corneal damage and treat appropriately. Immediately
consult an ophthalmologist for patients who have corneal injuries.
Antidotes and Other Treatments
There is no specific antidote for chlorine.
Treatment is supportive.
Laboratory Tests
The diagnosis of acute chlorine toxicity
is primarily clinical, based on respiratory difficulties and
irritation. However, laboratory testing is useful for monitoring
the patient and evaluating complications. Routine laboratory
studies for all exposed patients include CBC, glucose, and
electrolyte determinations. Patients who have respiratory
complaints may require pulse oximetry (or ABG measurements)
and chest radiography. Massive inhalation may be complicated
by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis; in addition to electrolytes,
monitor blood pH.
Disposition and Follow-up
Consider hospitalizing patients who have
a suspected significant exposure or have eye burns or serious
skin burns.
Delayed Effects
Symptomatic patients complaining of persistent
shortness of breath, severe cough, or chest tightness should
be admitted to the hospital and observed until symptom-free.
Pulmonary injury may progress for several hours.
Patient Release
Asymptomatic patients and those who experienced
only minor sensations of burning of the nose, throat, eyes,
and respiratory tract (with perhaps a slight cough) may be
released. In most cases, these patients will be free of symptoms
in an hour or less. They should be advised to seek medical
care promptly if symptoms develop or recur (see the Chlorine-Patient
Information Sheet below).
Follow-up
Obtain the name of the patient's primary
care physician so that the hospital can send a copy of the
ED visit to the patient's doctor.
Follow up is recommended for all hospitalized
patients because long-term respiratory problems can result.
Respiratory monitoring is recommended until the patient is
symptom-free. Chlorine-induced reactive airways dysfunction
syndrome (RADS) has been reported to persist from 2 to 12
years.
Patients who have skin or corneal injury
should be re-examined within 24 hours.
Reporting
If a work-related incident has occurred,
you may be legally required to file a report; contact your
state or local health department.
Other persons may still be at risk in
the setting where this incident occurred. If the incident
occurred in the workplace, discussing it with company personnel
may prevent future incidents. If a public health risk exists,
notify your state or local health department or other responsible
public agency. When appropriate, inform patients that they
may request an evaluation of their workplace from OSHA or
NIOSH. See Appendices III and IV for a list of agencies that
may be of assistance.
Patient Information Sheet
This handout provides information and
follow-up instructions for persons who have been exposed to
chlorine.
Print this handout only.pdf icon[31 KB]
What is chlorine?
Chlorine is a yellowish-green gas with
a sharp, burning odor. It is used widely in chemical manufacturing,
bleaching, drinking-water and swimming-pool disinfecting,
and in cleaning agents. Household chlorine bleach contains
only a small amount of chlorine but it can release chlorine
gas if mixed with other cleaning agents.
What immediate health effects can be caused by exposure to chlorine?
Chlorine is a yellowish-green gas with
a sharp, burning odor. It is used widely in chemical manufacturing,
bleaching, drinking-water and swimming-pool disinfecting,
and in cleaning agents. Household chlorine bleach contains
only a small amount of chlorine but it can release chlorine
gas if mixed with other cleaning agents.
Can chlorine poisoning be treated?
There is no antidote for chlorine, but
its effects can be treated and most exposed persons get well.
Persons who have experienced serious symptoms may need to
be hospitalized.
Are any future health effects likely to occur?
A single small exposure from which a
person recovers quickly is not likely to cause delayed or
long-term effects. After a serious exposure, symptoms may
worsen for several hours.
What tests can be done if a person has been exposed to chlorine?
Specific tests for the presence of chlorine
in blood or urine generally are not useful to the doctor.
If a severe exposure has occurred, blood and urine analyses
and other tests may show whether the lungs, heart, or brain
has been injured. Testing is not needed in every case.
Where can more information about chlorine be found?
More information about chlorine can be
obtained from your regional poison control center; your state,
county, or local health department; the Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry (ATSDR); your doctor; or a clinic in
your area that specializes in occupational and environmental
health. If the exposure happened at work, you may wish to
discuss it with your employer, the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA), or the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Ask the person who
gave you this form for help in locating these telephone numbers.
Follow-up Instructions
Keep this page and take it with you to
your next appointment. Follow only the instructions
checked below.
Print instructions only.pdf icon[31 KB]
[ ] Call your doctor or the Emergency
Department if you develop any unusual signs or symptoms within
the next 24 hours, especially:
- coughing or wheezing
- difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, or chest pain
- increased pain or a discharge from injured eyes
- increased redness or pain or a pus-like discharge in the
area of a skin burn
[ ] No follow-up appointment is necessary
unless you develop any of the symptoms listed above.
[ ] Call for an appointment with Dr.____
in the practice of ________.
When you call for your appointment, please
say that you were treated in the Emergency Department at _________
Hospital by________and were advised to be seen again in ____days.
[ ] Return to the Emergency Department/Clinic
on ____ (date) at _____ AM/PM for a follow-up examination.
[ ] Do not perform vigorous physical
activities for 1 to 2 days.
[ ] You may resume everyday activities
including driving and operating machinery.
[ ] Do not return to work for _____days.
[ ] You may return to work on a limited
basis. See instructions below.
[ ] Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke
for 72 hours; smoke may worsen the condition of your lungs.
[ ] Avoid drinking alcoholic beverages
for at least 24 hours; alcohol may worsen injury to your stomach
or have other effects.
[ ] Avoid taking the following medications:
________________
[ ] You may continue taking the following
medication(s) that your doctor(s) prescribed for you: _______________________________
[ ] Other instructions:
____________________________________
_____________________________________________________
- Provide the Emergency Department with the name and the
number of your primary care physician so that the ED can
send him or her a record of your emergency department visit.
- You or your physician can get more information on the
chemical by contacting: ____________ or _____________, or by
checking out the following Internet Web sites:
___________;__________.
Signature of patient _______________ Date ____________
Signature of physician _____________ Date ____________
Where can I get more information?
If you have questions or concerns, please contact your community or state health or environmental quality department or:
For more information, contact:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences
4770 Buford Highway
Chamblee, GA 30341-3717
Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO 888-232-6348 (TTY)
Email: Contact CDC-INFO
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances.