ToxFAQs™ for Otto Fuel II and Its Components
Spanish: Combustible Otto II y sus Componentes
CAS#: 106602-80-6
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This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions about Otto Fuel II and its components. For more information, you may call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present.
Summary
Exposure to Otto Fuel II occurs in areas where Otto Fuel II is used as a torpedo fuel or where it is made. Headaches are the most common effects from overexposure. Other effects include loss of balance, poor eye-hand coordination, eye irritation, nasal congestion, nausea, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. This substance has been found in at least 2 of the 1,430 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What is Otto Fuel II?
Otto Fuel II is a distinct-smelling, reddish-orange, oily liquid that the U.S. Navy uses as a fuel
for torpedoes and other weapon systems. It is a mixture of three synthetic substances: propylene glycol dinitrate (the major component), 2-nitrodiphenylamine, and dibutyl sebacate.
Propylene glycol dinitrate, a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor, is explosive. 2-Nitrodiphenylamine is an orange solid used to control the explosion of propylene glycol dinitrate. Dibutyl sebacate is a clear liquid used for making plastics, many of which are used for food packaging.
It is also used to enhance flavor in some foods such as ice cream, candy, baked goods, and nonalcoholic drinks, and is found in some shaving creams.
What happens to Otto Fuel II when it enters the environment?
- Otto Fuel II enters the environment mainly in waste water from Naval facilities that produce it or are involved in torpedo operations.
- All three components can be broken down by microorganisms in soil and water.
- Propylene glycol dinitrate evaporates rapidly; dibutyl sebacate and 2-nitrodiphenylamine do not evaporate easily.
- 2-Nitrodiphenylamine does not dissolve easily in water and will be found associated with soil and sediments.
How might I be exposed to Otto Fuel II?
- Breathing contaminated air or touching fuel in areas where Otto Fuel II is used or where it is made.
- Eating food that contains dibutyl sebacate.
How can Otto Fuel II affect my health?
Most of the effects of Otto Fuel II on people's health are believed to be caused by propylene glycol
dinitrate. People who work around Otto Fuel II report headaches, poor eye-hand coordination, eye irritation, congested noses, nausea, dizziness, and difficulty breathing
The most common effect of overexposure is headache. The greater the overexposure, the larger the
number of reported symptoms. People who have worked around Otto Fuel II, but are no longer exposed to it, might feel chest pain or rapid beating of the heart.
We do not know if Otto Fuel II affects the ability of people to have children or if it causes birth
defects. Animal studies show effects of propylene glycol dinitrate that are similar to the effects seen in people. Exposure of animals to moderate-to-large amounts for several weeks causes
problems in the blood, such as a decreased ability of blood to carry oxygen. The livers and kidneys of some animals exposed to moderate levels of propylene glycol dinitrate 24 hours a day for several months showed damage. We do not know if these effects might also occur in persons exposed to sufficiently
high concentrations.
Rats that had Otto Fuel II applied to their skin during pregnancy gave birth to babies with low
birth weights.
It is not known if propylene glycol dinitrate
causes birth defects in animals. The health of animals that
ate large amounts of dibutyl sebacate for long periods was
not affected. The babies of animals that ate large amounts
of dibutyl sebacate grew more slowly than babies of animals
that did not eat it.
We do not know anything about the health effects of 2-nitrodiphenylamine in animals.
How likely is Otto Fuel II to cause cancer?
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS), and the EPA have not reviewed Otto Fuel II to determine whether it is likely to cause cancer.
No human studies examine the carcinogenicity of Otto Fuels II or any of its components. Animal studies
of propylene glycol dinitrate and dibutyl sebacate haven't determined whether these compounds are carcinogenic. The carcinogenicity of 2-nitrodiphenylamine has not been studied in animals.
Is there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to Otto Fuel II?
No routine medical test shows if you
have been exposed to Otto Fuel II. Breakdown products of propylene
glycol dinitrate have been measured in blood and exhaled air,
but these products leave your body within a day, so the tests
must be given within a few hours of exposure. No tests are
known for measuring the other two components of Otto Fuel
II in your body.
Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health?
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that workers not be exposed to air containing more than 0.05 parts propylene glycol dinitrate per million parts of air (0.05 ppm) during a 10-hour workday, 40-hour workweek.
Glossary
Carcinogenicity: Ability to cause cancer.
CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service.
Evaporate: To change into a vapor or a gas.
ppm: Parts per million.
References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR). 1995. Toxicological Profile for Otto Fuel II and its components. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
Where can I get more information?
If you have questions or concerns, please contact your community or state health or environmental quality department or:
For more information, contact:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Office of Innovation and Analytics, Toxicology Section
4770 Buford Highway
Chamblee, GA 30341-3717
Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO 888-232-6348 (TTY)
Email: Contact CDC-INFO
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances.