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  Semliki Forest   SFV

Arbovirus

No

3

Fatal human laboratoryinfection, 1978, probably aerosol. This is recognized to be a unique incident in a long history of work with SFV under minimal biocontainment conditions. However, since the virulence characteristics of the strain responsible in this case require further study and the prevalence of subclinical infections in laboratories working with SFV remains unknown, the committee recommends Level 3 until further information is available warranting reconsideration at a lower level.
Other Information
 

A
Section XIII - References
1. SMITHBURN, K.C. and HADDOW, A.J. 1944. J. Immun. 49:241.
2. SMITHBURN, K.C. and HADDOW, A.J., et al. 1953. J. Bact. 66:173.
3. WEINBREN, M.P. 1959. E. Afr. Virus Res. Inst. Rep. No. 9, p. 12.
4. CASALS, J. Personal communication.
5. BUGHER, J.C. and MACNAMARA, F.H. Unpublished.
6. CLARKE, et al. 1955. J. Immun. 75:470.
7. HEARN, H.J. and RAINEY, C.T. 1963. J. Immunol. 90:720-724.
8. SMITHBURN, et al. 1944. J. Immun. 49:159.
9. SMITHBURN, et al. 1959. S. Afr. Med. J. 33:555.
10. CALISHER, C.H., et al. 1980. Intervirology 14:229-232.
11. SMITHBURN, K.C. 1954. Am. J. Hyg. 59:157.
12. SMITHBURN, K.C. 1946. J. Immun. 52:309.
13. BUCKLEY, S. 1959. Ann. NY Acad. Sic. 81:172.
14. SUNAGA, H., et al. 1960. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 9:419.
15. SMITHBURN, K.C. 1952. J. Immun. 68:441.
16. HORZINEK, M.C. 1973. J. Gen. Virol. 20:87-103.
17. SANNA, A. and ANGELILLO, B. 1959. Igiene Moderna 52:667-675; 676-680.
18. POND, W.L. 1963. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 57:364.
19. LIKAR, M., et al. 1963. Path. et Microbiol. 26:285-297.
20. STONES, P.B. 1960. in Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 54:132.
21. BUCKLAND, et al. 1962. Nature (Lond.), 195:1063.
22. CHENG, P.-Y. 1958. Virology 6:129-136.
23. ROSS, et al. 1960. Proc. Univ. Otago Med. Sch. 38:28.
24. VERSTEEG, J. 1964. Archiv ges. Virusforsch. 14:332.
25. METSELAAR, et al. 1964. Ibid. 14:336.
26. CLARKE, D.H. 1961. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 10:67.
27. SMITH, et al. 1961. In Adv. in Virus Res. 1963. 10:157.
28. TAYLOR, R.M. 1952. J. Immun. 68:473.
29. SMITHBURN, K.C., et al. 1954. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 3:9.
30. SMITHBURN, K.C., et al. 1954. J. Immun. 72:248.
31. PORTERFIELD, J.S. Personal communication.
32. MACNAMARA, F.N. 1953. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 47:9.
33. WILLIAMS M.C. 1958-1959. E. Afr. Virus Res. Inst. Reports. No. 8,9.
34. Rapport Annuel de l'Institut Pasteur de Bangui. 1970. p. 45, 53.
35. BERGOLD, G.H. and MAZZALI, R. 1968. J. Gen. Virol. 2:273.
36. SINGH, K.R. 1972. Adv. Virus Res. 17:187-206.
37. WHITMAN, L. Personal communication.
38. MOORE, D.L. 1971. Personal communication.
39. METSELAAR, D. Personal communication. 1971.
40. GAIDAMOVICH, S.Ya. 1975. Vopr. Virusol. 3:317-320.
41. MUSSGAY, M. Personal communication. 1978.
42. WILLEMS, W.R., et al. 1979. Science, 203:1127-1129.
43. HENDERSON, J.R. 1961. Yale J. Biol. Med. 33:350-358.
44. BUCKLEY, S.M. 1964. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 116:354-358.
45. STIM, T.B. 1969. J. Gen. Virol. 5:329-338.
46. Rapport Annuel de l'Institut Pasteur de Dakar. 1976. p. 2.
 
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