The crude prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was at least threefold higher among adults with CKD compared to adults without CKD across the time periods. Age-standardized prevalence of CVD was about twofold higher in adults with than without CKD. Crude prevalence of CVD among adults with CKD was higher among older, male, and non-Hispanic White adults.
To view the burden of Cardiovascular Disease by risk categories, select from the drop-down menu below. Risk categories include CKD, Age Category, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity.
Data includes CKD stages 1–5. Estimates were standardized to the 2010 U.S. Census adult population.
Estimates for Age Category "20-39 years", and Race\Ethnicity "Other" were suppressed due to a large standard error stemming from a small sample size.
NHANES is a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey that is currently conducted every two years (since 1999) by CDC's National Center for Health Statistics among noninstitutionalized US civilian residents. The survey consists of a standardized in-home interview and a physical examination with blood and urine collected at a mobile examination center. Data were examined by combining two NHANES cycles to represent four-year periods from 2001 to 2016 and the 2017–March 2020 pre-pandemic cycle.
Note: Not all NHANES variables are collected for all years; therefore, some NHANES indicators may not utilize the full 20-year span.
Overall: Prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among U.S. adults.
By strata: Prevalence of CVD among U.S. adults with CKD.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Noninstitutionalized U.S. adults aged ≥ 20 years, pregnant women excluded.
2001–March 2020.
Overall: U.S. adults aged ≥ 20 years with self-reported CVD.
By strata: U.S. adults aged ≥ 20 years with CKD and self-reported CVD.
Overall U.S. adults aged ≥ 20 years with data for CKD and self-reported CVD measures.
By strata: U.S. adults aged ≥ 20 years with CKD (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or albuminuria) and self-reported CVD information.
CKD is defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m² or albuminuria (urine albumin to creatinine ratio [UACR] ≥ 30 mg/g). Estimates are based on single estimates of eGFR and UACR.
Based on the CKD-EPI (2021) equation for calibrated creatinine: eGFR=142 x [min(serum creatinine in mg/dL) /κ, 1)]^α x [max(serum creatinine/κ, 1)]^-1.20 x 0.9938^age x (1.012 if female). κ = 0.7 if female and 0.9 if male α = -0.241 if female and -0.302 if male
UACR was calculated as urine albumin divided by urine creatinine. Albuminuria is defined as UACR ≥ 30 mg/g. Urine albumin is measured in random urine collection by fluorescent immunoassay.
Serum creatinine values used for eGFR calculation were standardized against isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS).
CVD was defined by self-report being “told has congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack, or stroke”. This question was only asked in participants ages 20 years and older.
Estimates were standardized to the 2010 U.S. Census population for adults: 20–39 years: 36.7%, 40–59 years: 37.9%, 60–69 years: 13.0%, and 70+ years: 12.4%.
Albuminuria and kidney function were assessed from one-time cross-sectional measurements, possibly overestimating CKD prevalence.
Appropriate NHANES survey weights were used for all analyses; if relative standard error is greater than 30%, the estimates are not shown. Serum creatinine measurements are assay corrected for NHANES years 2005 and 2006 and prior to be combined with later years.
