Manifestations of Crisis
Individual responses to crisis can be grouped into four primary categories. Some of these responses will be readily apparent; others more subtle. The responses can vary markedly from one person to another.
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Biophysical Manifestations
- rapid heart beat, increased blood pressure
- hyperventilation, sweating
- rash or hives
- stomach pain, nausea, vomiting
- diarrhea, frequent urination
- chest pain
- involuntary shaking
- release of stress hormones
- decreased sleep
Emotional Manifestations
- fear: of injury, loss of life, losing control, or of going crazy
- high anxiety: about what to do, how to escape, stopping the abuse
- shock/disbelief
- guilt, embarrassment, or shame
- fight-flight impulse toward self-protection
- post-trauma sequelae: e.g., nightmares, re-play of the frightening incident, crying
Cognitive Manifestations
- inability to focus or concentrate
- interference in ones usual problem-solving ability
Behavioral Manifestations
- cannot perform usual work demands
- becoming withdrawn
- crying easily
- lack of sleep
- avoiding usual social interaction
- losing temper easily - yelling, getting angry at family members, etc.
- acting impulsively
- driving hazardously as a result of anxiety and emotional upset