| Panel (Number of isolates shown in parentheses) | Action |
|---|---|
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) (50) This panel of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates were chosen to represent a diversity of antimicrobial susceptibility results for drugs that are used to treat infections.
This panel of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates were chosen to represent a diversity of antimicrobial susceptibility results for drugs that are used to treat infections.
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AR-SA
This panel is not
recommended to be used for gradient Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) validations
due to known discrepancies between agar dilution MICs and some MICs obtained
from commercial MIC Gradient tests at either end of the testing dilution range.
For Gradient MIC AST purposes, the Neisseria gonorrhoeae WHO Reference (WHO) panel can be used. | |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ciprofloxacin (NCIP) (19) The panel consists of 20 isolates with a selection of mutations in the resistance determinants for CIP, gyrA and parC. It is designed for diagnostic test developers to test gene specific tests for ciprofloxacin resistance/susceptibility based on these genes.
We have received reports of discrepant sequencing results between what is obtained from the AR Isolate Bank for AR-0975 Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the information available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). We at CDC, have been and are continuing to investigate the source of this discrepancy to correct it. In the meantime, we are removing this isolate from the NCIP panel.
We apologize for any inconvenience this might create. | |
| Enterobacterales Carbapenem Breakpoint (BIT) (31) This panel was assembled to challenge tests that assess carbapenem susceptibility of Enterobacterales. Isolates in this collection demonstrate a range of carbapenem susceptibility. The carbapenem-resistant isolates also have different resistance mechanisms (i.e., some isolates produce a carbapenemase and others do not). | |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae WHO Reference (WHO) (14) The WHO gonococcal reference strains are intended for internal and external quality assurance and quality control in phenotypic (e.g., culture, species determination) and molecular diagnostics, molecular AMR detection, molecular epidemiology and as fully characterized, annotated and finished reference genomes in WGS analysis, transcriptomics, proteomics and other molecular technologies and data analysis.
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the WHO reference panel was established and published by the World Health Organization using Etest. The MICs posted on this website are generated by agar dilution. For antimicrobial susceptibility testing comparison, please use the WHO published modal MICs. | |
| Multi-site Gram-negative Surveillance Initiative (MuGSI) - (ESBL) (29) A panel of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca isolates with resistance to at least one extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ceftazidime, cefotaxime, or ceftriaxone) and non-resistant (i.e., susceptible or intermediate) to carbapenems. Some isolates harbor extended- spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and were collected in 2017, through the Multi-site Gram-negative Surveillance Initiative (MuGSI), part of the CDC’s Emerging Infections Program (EIP) Healthcare-Associated Infections Community Interface (HAIC) activity. | |
| Drug Resistant Candida species (CAN) (45) This is a panel of primarily C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis isolates demonstrating resistance to azoles or echinocandins. Susceptible isolates of the same species are included. | |
| Gram Negative Carbapenemase Detection (CarbaNP) (80) This panel was assembled to challenge assays that detect carbapenemase production. Isolates in this collection represent a range of gram-negative bacteria; some producing a carbapenemase and others that demonstrate reduced susceptibility to carbapenems, but do not produce a carbapenemase. This collection was assembled to challenge assays that detect carbapenemase production. | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) (55) This panel of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were chosen to represent a diversity of antimicrobial susceptibility results for drugs that are used to treat infections. | |
| Aspergillus fumigatus (ASP) (10) A panel of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates with TR34 /L98H mutation in the CYP51A gene which confers resistance to azole antifungals. | |
| Aminoglycoside/tetracycline Resistance (ATR) (40) A panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with various molecular mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycoside and tetracycline drugs. This panel can be used to challenge novel aminoglycoside and tetracycline candidates to evaluate for cross-resistance across different drugs in the same class. | |
| Meropenem/vaborbactam Verification (MEV) (28) A panel of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae with different susceptibility to meropenem/vaborbactam. This panel can be used verification and for “in-house” validation of meropenem/vaborbactam antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. | |
| Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) (30) A panel of Enterococcus strains with VanA, VanB or VanC mediated resistance to vancomycin. | |
| Enterobacterales Carbapenemase Diversity (CRE) (54) The panel consists of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales. Isolates were selected to represent a diversity of species and carbapenemases.
To order the recently added AR-1297 Klebsiella variicola, only, use link below. | |
| Imipenem/relebactam (IMR) (28) A panel of gram-negative bacteria with different susceptibility to Imipenem/relebactam. This panel can be used for “in-house” validation of Imipenem/relebactam antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. | |
| Isolates with New or Novel Antibiotic Resistance (NEW) (23) This is a collection of isolates with rare, new or novel antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic resistance may be a new or novel resistance mechanism or phenotype. Please Note: This AR Bank panel includes isolates that are pan-resistant, meaning they are susceptible to none of the antimicrobial agents tested which may include those commonly used to treat infections with these organisms. This represents an additional risk to staff working with these organisms and should be considered as part of the receiving facility risk assessment required by the Biosafety Compliance Agreement. The increased difficulty in treatment of any infection with those isolates should also be a consideration in deciding which protocols to use and precautions to take for working with these isolates. Panel ID: NEW | |
| Ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) (30) A panel of gram-negative bacteria with different susceptibility to ceftazidime/avibactam. This panel can be used for “in-house” validation of ceftazidime/avibactam antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. | |
| Ceftolozane/tazobactam (CTV) (30) A panel of gram-negative bacteria with different susceptibility to ceftolozane/tazobactam. This panel can be used for “in-house” validation of ceftolozane/tazobactam antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. | |
| Neisseria species MALDI-TOF Verification (NID) (11) This panel contains a representative number of Neisseria species including N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, and other Neisseria species, like Kingella denitrificans, and Moraxella catarrhalis. This will allow laboratories to have access to a rare collection of commensal Neisseria species for identification verification purposes.
This panel can be supplemented with additional Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, link below.
This panel has been reduced to 11 isolates as of 7/11/2023 | |
| Acinetobacter baumannii (ACI) (51) This panel of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were chosen to represent a diversity of antimicrobial susceptibility results for drugs that are used to treat infections. To order isolates later added to this panel, click on the following link: | |
| Enteric Pathogen Diversity (GI) (30) This panel of pathogens includes isolates of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Escherichia coli O157. The isolates included demonstrate varied susceptibility patterns to antibiotics. These susceptibility patterns are representative of the diversity of susceptibility identified in surveillance isolates collected in the United States. | |
| Candida auris (CAU) (30) A panel of Candida auris isolates and other yeast species that are related to C. auris or are commonly misidentified as C. auris. Caution: C. auris has been shown to be transmitted in healthcare settings. It is a good colonizer of skin and can live for up to four weeks on fomites. Gloves and gowns should be worn when working with C. auris, and working in a hood or a biological safety cabinet is recommended to avoid laboratory contamination. Since products with C. albicans or fungicidal claims may not be effective against C. auris, 10% bleach or products with EPA approval for C. auris should be used for cleaning the work area. | |
| Tedizolid/Linezolid (Oxazolidinones) Resistant Staphylococci (TLZD) (30) This is a panel of Staphylococcus species resistant to linezolid and/or having variable susceptibility to tedizolid. This panel can be used for “in-house” validation of tedizolid and to challenge diagnostic tests that measure linezolid resistance in Staphylococci. | |
| Difficult-to-Detect Staphylococcus aureus harboring mecA (DTD) (30) A panel of mecA-harboring Staphylococcus aureus isolates with varying susceptibility results to cefoxitin. | |
| Delafloxacin (DLX) (60) A panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with different susceptibility to delafloxacin. This panel can be used for “in-house” validation of delafloxacin antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. | |
| Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) (14) This collection of VISA isolates is meant to challenge diagnostic devices that test for S. aureus susceptibility to vancomycin. For all isolates in this panel the vancomycin MIC is 4 or 8 µg/mL. Please note, the VISA phenotype is typically unstable with repeat passage of an isolate. These isolates were chosen for their relatively stable phenotype, but care should be taken not to subculture the isolates excessively (e.g., greater than 3 times) before testing. | |
| Plazomicin (PLZ) (30) A panel of gram-negative bacteria with different susceptibility to plazomicin. This panel can be used for “in-house” validation of plazomicin antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. | |
| Multi-Mechanism (MULTI) (14) Isolates harboring two or more of the five major carbapenemases (IMP, KPC, NDM, OXA-48-like &VIM). This collection was assembled to challenge detection of these carbapenemases when present in a single strain. Please note: Some of these variants may not reliably be detected by all commercial tests. | |
| Staphylococcus with Borderline Oxacillin Susceptibility (BORSA) (32) This is a panel of Staphylococcus aureus isolates with variable susceptibility to oxacillin. Isolates with mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance are ones for which the MIC is close to the resistant breakpoint. This panel can be used as a rigorous challenge of diagnostic tests that measure oxacillin susceptibility or mecA-mediated resistance. | |
| IMP-Type Metallo-ß-Lactamase (IMP) (9) Isolates harboring IMP-type metallo-ß-lactamases collected through the CDC’s Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network (AR Lab Network). This collection was assembled to challenge detection of difficult IMP variants not present in other AR Bank panels. Please note: Some of these variants may not reliably be detected by all commercial tests. | |
| Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri (SHG) (30) A set of 30 Shigella isolates from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria (NARMS), a US public health surveillance system that monitors antimicrobial resistance among enteric bacteria. Isolates in this collection represent different mechanisms of resistance to fluroquinolones and a range of susceptibility to fluroquinolones and azithromycin. | |
| Clostridioides difficile EIP 2016 (CDI) (30) This panel contains 30 Clostridioides difficile isolates collected in the United States through the Emerging Infections Program at the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. The selected isolates are a representative set of the top 10 most prevalent PCR-ribotypes collected in 2016. | |
| Cefepime/ zidebactam (FPZ) (32) A panel of gram-negative bacteria with varying susceptibilities to cefepime/zidebactam. This panel can be used for “in-house” validation of cefepime/zidebactam antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Isolates were selected to represent a diversity of species and resistance mechanisms including carbapenemases.
Cefepime/zidebactam MICs reflect MIC of the combination. | |
| Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (SIN) (8) This panel of Salmonella Infantis includes isolates with different of antimicrobial susceptibility to drugs that are used to treat infections and drugs that are tested for surveillance purposes. Isolated were collected from surveillance programs in the United States. |
MIC results for each antimicrobial agent for an isolate may commonly be ± 1 log2 (doubling dilution) different than what is posted on the FDA-CDC AR Bank website because this is the normal technical variability of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (see J. H. Jorgensen. 1993. J Clin Microbiol. Vol 31[11]: 2841-2844). MICs obtained by a user could possibly show an even greater difference than this, depending on the methodology, the modal MIC of the isolate, and if the MIC on the website is at a very low or very high testing range. However, major (resistant versus susceptible) or very major (susceptible versus resistant) interpretive category difference for a given drug-organism result should be uncommon (i.e., this could occur in the rare occasions where the susceptible and resistant breakpoints are within a single doubling dilution). In other cases a major or very major error likely indicates a problem with either the organism (e.g., losing a resistance mechanism upon passage) or the testing method being applied. The MIC results provided for each isolate were generated using frozen broth microdilution panels unless otherwise specified.