Violence and other injuries by persons or animals include all intentional injuries; injuries involving weapons (tools designed to be used as weapons, such as firearms and stun guns) regardless of intent; and injuries involving direct physical contact with persons, animals, or insects regardless of intent. Such injuries may be inflicted by another person, by oneself, or by an animal or insect.

Excluded from this division are injuries resulting from overexertion or bodily reaction, such as from lifting a patient or running after a suspect; unintentional injuries resulting from indirect contact, such as being hit by a box or ball thrown by another person; transportation incidents unless the intent was to injure the worker; injuries resulting from contact with dead animals; unintentional drug overdoses; and exposures to infectious agents unless intentional or transmitted by an insect or animal bite.

The various codes for shooting (1111, 1121, 1211 1221, and 1222) include being shot with a bullet or other projectile from a powder-charged gun, such as handgun, shotgun, or rifle. These shooting codes exclude injuries resulting from paintball guns, bows, BB guns, and stun guns, which should be coded based on intention as 1119, 1129, 1219, 1223, or 1229. Nail gun injuries are excluded from the division and coded 6242 unless determined to be intentional.

This division covers events involving transportation vehicles, animals used for transportation purposes, and powered industrial vehicles or powered mobile industrial equipment in which at least one vehicle (or mobile equipment) is in normal operation and the injury or illness was due to collision or other type of traffic incident; loss of control; or a sudden stop, start, or jolting of a vehicle regardless of the location where the event occurred.

Cases involving pedestrians, roadway workers, or other nonpassengers struck by vehicles, powered industrial equipment, or an object struck by a vehicle or powered equipment are considered transportation incidents when they meet these criteria:

At least one vehicle was in normal operation as a means of transportation, and

The impact was caused by a traffic incident or the motion of the vehicle.

In general, for a vehicle to be considered under normal operation, it must be in use as a means of transportation between locations and an occupant of the vehicle must be operating it. For computer-operated vehicles, such as subways or monorails, an operator is not required for the vehicle to be in normal operation. Incidents resulting solely from the use of machine lifts (such as being struck by a bucket of a loader) when the vehicle is otherwise motionless are excluded. Cases occurring on water vessels are generally included in Transportation incidents provided that the vessel is in the water. See the instructions for 25*, Water vehicle incident for further guidelines on coding these incidents.

Roadways include that part of the public highway, street, or road normally used for travel as well as the shoulder and surrounding areas, telephone poles, bridge abutments, trees aligning roadway, etc. Nonroadway incidents include events that occur entirely off the highway, street, and roadway, such as on industrial, commercial, or farm premises or in parking lots. Incidents that occur partly on a public roadway are considered roadway incidents.

• Aircraft incidents
• Rail vehicle incidents
• Animal and other non-motorized vehicle transportation incidents
• Pedestrian vehicular incidents
• Water vehicle incidents
• Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicle
• Nonroadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles

Transportation codes are listed in the order of precedence unless otherwise indicated. If more than one event occurred, code the first event listed in the code sequence. The precedence sequence is:

The precedence ordering also includes codes within a category. For example, if a roadway collision with another vehicle results in the worker falling from the vehicle, the case is coded as a vehicle collision (Event code 261* or 271*). Transportation incidents take precedence over all other event codes except Violence and other injuries by persons or animals (1*).

Events due to a loss of control or a sudden start or stop refer to situations where no collision occurs, such as instances of whiplash caused by sudden stopping (without collision) or being struck by objects that fly forward when the vehicle stops.

Falls on or from vehicles are transportation incidents if the vehicle was in normal operation. Falls on boats and ships that are in the water are classified as transportation incidents even if the vessel is anchored and not under normal operation. Falls from other stationary vehicles that are not in normal operation are coded in the falls division. For example, a fall in the cargo bay of an airplane while it is being loaded is not a transportation incident because the plane is not in normal operation.

Crashes that result in a fire or explosion are transportation events. Fires that occur on vehicles with no other incident are classified under Fires and explosions (3*).

Events not involving normal operation of a vehicle or which do not involve traffic incidents, loss of control, or sudden stop or start are excluded from Transportation incidents. For example, drivers or passengers hurt by vibration of the vehicle, made ill by carbon monoxide (without other incident), burned by spilling hot drinks without collision, or injured by general operation of vehicle (such as shifting gears) would not be coded in this section because they do not involve traffic incidents, loss of control or sudden stop or start. Instances where the vehicle coasts, rolls, slips into gear, falls off the lift during repair work or while parked do not involve normal operation of the vehicle and therefore are excluded unless that movement was brought about by collision with another vehicle.

Also excluded from transportation incidents are injuries or illnesses associated solely with the use of nontransport components of mobile equipment. For example, being struck by rising forklifts, falling trailer doors, or swinging buckets on a loader are coded in major group 62*, Struck by object or equipment unless the impact was also due to the travel of the vehicle under normal operation. Injuries occurring while standing beside a tractor trying to jumpstart it or while pushing a motorized pallet jack are not considered transportation incidents.

Transportation vehicles, powered industrial vehicles, powered mobile industrial equipment, and animal-powered transports include:

**Highway vehicles, motorized: Autos, buses, trucks, motorcycles, RVs, etc Air, rail, and water vehicles--powered and nonpowered: Airplanes, gliders, parachutes; trains, amusement park rail vehicles, computerized airport trams; fishing boats, sailboats, canoes, etc. **Off-road powered vehicles: ATVs, golf carts, snowmobiles, Segways **Plant and industrial powered vehicles and tractors: Forklifts, other powered carriers, tractors **Powered mobile construction, logging, and mining equipment: Loaders, bulldozers, backhoes, mobile cranes, skidders, etc. **Powered mobile agricultural equipment: Harvesters, combines, mobile planters, etc. Animal and human powered vehicles and animals being ridden: Police and rodeo horses, horse-drawn wagons, bicycles, etc. **Other powered land vehicles: Military vehicles, street sweeping and cleaning machinery

References to "vehicles" in the code titles and descriptions in those sections should be interpreted to include these conveyances. Items listed with ** above are considered motorized land vehicles for purposes of coding Events 24*, 26*, and 27*.

Excluded are:

Nonpowered industrial vehicles: Dollies, carts, wheelbarrows Nonindustrial, nonroadway mobile equipment Wheelchairs--motorized and nonmotorized, stretchers, wagons

Codes in this division apply to cases in which the injury or illness resulted from an explosion or fire. Included are cases in which the person fell or jumped from a burning building, inhaled a harmful substance, or was struck by or struck against an object as a result of an explosion or fire. This division also includes incidents in which the worker was injured due to being trapped in a fire or whose respirator had run out of oxygen during a fire.

Excluded from this category are fires and explosions resulting from transportation incidents (Division 2) and those that are set for the purpose of injuring someone (Division 1). Injuries to firefighters resulting from arson fires intended to harm, from lifting fire hoses, and from falls not related to the fire or explosion itself, such as falls in the parking lot of a burning building, are also excluded from this category.

Injuries resulting from direct contact with a flame from a controlled heat source, such as from stove tops, ovens, burners, and grills are excluded from this category and coded in 533, Contact with hot objects or substances, unless the fire becomes out of control. Small scale fires are those which burn in an isolated location but do not spread to consume a building. Examples include fires in trash cans, frayed wires, cooking fires, and curtains that catch fire. Arc flashes (or burns from electrical arc flashes) are typically found in event 511*, Direct exposure to electricity. However, injuries resulting from a building fire that resulted from an arc flash would be coded in major group 31*, Fires. Demolition or blasting explosion (code 324) includes detonations used to implode buildings or blast mines and quarries with dynamite. Mining explosions from gases or vapors belong in 322.

For fires and explosions occurring in a single event, code the one that happened first. If the first event is unknown, defer to fires.

Falls, slips, trips include falls on the same level, falls and jumps to lower levels, falls and jumps that were curtailed by a personal arrest device, and slips and trips that do not result in a fall. The division also includes other nontransport-related falls resulting in drowning or other nonimpact injuries.

The order of precedence is reflected in the order of codes. Falls while on a vehicle in normal operation are considered Transportation incidents (Division 2); parachute jumps are also considered transportation incidents. Falls from vehicles that are not in normal transport operation are coded under Falls, slips, trips. Falls from a seated position are Fall on same level, while falls that occur while the worker is standing on a chair are considered Fall to lower level. Falls through a non-structural surface, such as ice, are to be listed in Fall through surface.

Slips or trips without falling are included in the Falls, slips, trips division. A trip is differentiated from a slip by the existence of a foreign object over which the injured worker stumbled. Slips are generally on flat, smooth, or slippery surfaces; trips occur when the injured worker makes contact with an uneven surface or an obstruction, such as a curb or box.

Fall to lower level applies to instances in which the injury was produced by impact between the injured person and another surface of lower elevation, the motion producing the contact being that of the person, under the following circumstances:

-the motion of the person and the force of impact were generated by gravity, and

-the point of contact with the source of injury was lower than the surface supporting the person at the inception of the fall.

Cases in which the worker was injured while stepping to a lower level (such as, off a ladder, out of a vehicle, or off a curb) and there is no indication of forcible contact from a fall (such as a fracture or a bruise) or other incident, (such as falling into a body of water or falling against a hot stove) should be coded in 73*, Other exertions or bodily reactions. Injuries sustained as a result of the employee jumping from an elevation should be coded in major group 44*, Jumps to lower level.

Falls through an opening in the floor that already existed (such as an attic trap door opening) or through a work surface are coded as 432*, Fall through surface or existing opening. If a floor surface or structure collapses causing the worker to fall or jump, the fall is coded as 431* or 441*.

Falls from ground level to lower level, such as storm drains or sewers, are included in 433*, Other fall to lower level.

Codes in this division apply to cases in which the injury or illness resulted from a condition or substance in the work environment. Excluded from this category are exposures resulting from violence and other injuries by persons or animals, transportation incidents, and fires and explosions.

Codes in this division apply to injuries produced by contact between the injured person and the source of injury, except when the contact was due to a fall, transportation incident, fire or explosion, or assault or violent act. Workers injured from contact with other persons, animals, or weapons regardless of intent are also excluded from this category.

Codes in this division apply to cases, usually non-impact, in which injury or illness resulted from free bodily motion, from excessive physical effort, from repetition of a bodily motion, from the assumption of an unnatural position, or from remaining in the same position over a period of time.

Violence and other injuries by persons or animals include all intentional injuries; injuries involving weapons (tools designed to be used as weapons, such as firearms and stun guns) regardless of intent; and injuries involving direct physical contact with persons, animals, or insects regardless of intent. Such injuries may be inflicted by another person, by oneself, or by an animal or insect.

Excluded from this division are injuries resulting from overexertion or bodily reaction, such as from lifting a patient or running after a suspect; unintentional injuries resulting from indirect contact, such as being hit by a box or ball thrown by another person; transportation incidents unless the intent was to injure the worker; injuries resulting from contact with dead animals; unintentional drug overdoses; and exposures to infectious agents unless intentional or transmitted by an insect or animal bite.

The various codes for shooting (1111, 1121, 1211 1221, and 1222) include being shot with a bullet or other projectile from a powder-charged gun, such as handgun, shotgun, or rifle. These shooting codes exclude injuries resulting from paintball guns, bows, BB guns, and stun guns, which should be coded based on intention as 1119, 1129, 1219, 1223, or 1229. Nail gun injuries are excluded from the division and coded 6242 unless determined to be intentional.

This division covers events involving transportation vehicles, animals used for transportation purposes, and powered industrial vehicles or powered mobile industrial equipment in which at least one vehicle (or mobile equipment) is in normal operation and the injury or illness was due to collision or other type of traffic incident; loss of control; or a sudden stop, start, or jolting of a vehicle regardless of the location where the event occurred.

Cases involving pedestrians, roadway workers, or other nonpassengers struck by vehicles, powered industrial equipment, or an object struck by a vehicle or powered equipment are considered transportation incidents when they meet these criteria:

At least one vehicle was in normal operation as a means of transportation, and

The impact was caused by a traffic incident or the motion of the vehicle.

In general, for a vehicle to be considered under normal operation, it must be in use as a means of transportation between locations and an occupant of the vehicle must be operating it. For computer-operated vehicles, such as subways or monorails, an operator is not required for the vehicle to be in normal operation. Incidents resulting solely from the use of machine lifts (such as being struck by a bucket of a loader) when the vehicle is otherwise motionless are excluded. Cases occurring on water vessels are generally included in Transportation incidents provided that the vessel is in the water. See the instructions for 25*, Water vehicle incident for further guidelines on coding these incidents.

Roadways include that part of the public highway, street, or road normally used for travel as well as the shoulder and surrounding areas, telephone poles, bridge abutments, trees aligning roadway, etc. Nonroadway incidents include events that occur entirely off the highway, street, and roadway, such as on industrial, commercial, or farm premises or in parking lots. Incidents that occur partly on a public roadway are considered roadway incidents.

• Aircraft incidents
• Rail vehicle incidents
• Animal and other non-motorized vehicle transportation incidents
• Pedestrian vehicular incidents
• Water vehicle incidents
• Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicle
• Nonroadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles

Transportation codes are listed in the order of precedence unless otherwise indicated. If more than one event occurred, code the first event listed in the code sequence. The precedence sequence is:

The precedence ordering also includes codes within a category. For example, if a roadway collision with another vehicle results in the worker falling from the vehicle, the case is coded as a vehicle collision (Event code 261* or 271*). Transportation incidents take precedence over all other event codes except Violence and other injuries by persons or animals (1*).

Events due to a loss of control or a sudden start or stop refer to situations where no collision occurs, such as instances of whiplash caused by sudden stopping (without collision) or being struck by objects that fly forward when the vehicle stops.

Falls on or from vehicles are transportation incidents if the vehicle was in normal operation. Falls on boats and ships that are in the water are classified as transportation incidents even if the vessel is anchored and not under normal operation. Falls from other stationary vehicles that are not in normal operation are coded in the falls division. For example, a fall in the cargo bay of an airplane while it is being loaded is not a transportation incident because the plane is not in normal operation.

Crashes that result in a fire or explosion are transportation events. Fires that occur on vehicles with no other incident are classified under Fires and explosions (3*).

Events not involving normal operation of a vehicle or which do not involve traffic incidents, loss of control, or sudden stop or start are excluded from Transportation incidents. For example, drivers or passengers hurt by vibration of the vehicle, made ill by carbon monoxide (without other incident), burned by spilling hot drinks without collision, or injured by general operation of vehicle (such as shifting gears) would not be coded in this section because they do not involve traffic incidents, loss of control or sudden stop or start. Instances where the vehicle coasts, rolls, slips into gear, falls off the lift during repair work or while parked do not involve normal operation of the vehicle and therefore are excluded unless that movement was brought about by collision with another vehicle.

Also excluded from transportation incidents are injuries or illnesses associated solely with the use of nontransport components of mobile equipment. For example, being struck by rising forklifts, falling trailer doors, or swinging buckets on a loader are coded in major group 62*, Struck by object or equipment unless the impact was also due to the travel of the vehicle under normal operation. Injuries occurring while standing beside a tractor trying to jumpstart it or while pushing a motorized pallet jack are not considered transportation incidents.

Transportation vehicles, powered industrial vehicles, powered mobile industrial equipment, and animal-powered transports include:

**Highway vehicles, motorized: Autos, buses, trucks, motorcycles, RVs, etc Air, rail, and water vehicles--powered and nonpowered: Airplanes, gliders, parachutes; trains, amusement park rail vehicles, computerized airport trams; fishing boats, sailboats, canoes, etc. **Off-road powered vehicles: ATVs, golf carts, snowmobiles, Segways **Plant and industrial powered vehicles and tractors: Forklifts, other powered carriers, tractors **Powered mobile construction, logging, and mining equipment: Loaders, bulldozers, backhoes, mobile cranes, skidders, etc. **Powered mobile agricultural equipment: Harvesters, combines, mobile planters, etc. Animal and human powered vehicles and animals being ridden: Police and rodeo horses, horse-drawn wagons, bicycles, etc. **Other powered land vehicles: Military vehicles, street sweeping and cleaning machinery

References to "vehicles" in the code titles and descriptions in those sections should be interpreted to include these conveyances. Items listed with ** above are considered motorized land vehicles for purposes of coding Events 24*, 26*, and 27*.

Excluded are:

Nonpowered industrial vehicles: Dollies, carts, wheelbarrows Nonindustrial, nonroadway mobile equipment Wheelchairs--motorized and nonmotorized, stretchers, wagons

Codes in this division apply to cases in which the injury or illness resulted from an explosion or fire. Included are cases in which the person fell or jumped from a burning building, inhaled a harmful substance, or was struck by or struck against an object as a result of an explosion or fire. This division also includes incidents in which the worker was injured due to being trapped in a fire or whose respirator had run out of oxygen during a fire.

Excluded from this category are fires and explosions resulting from transportation incidents (Division 2) and those that are set for the purpose of injuring someone (Division 1). Injuries to firefighters resulting from arson fires intended to harm, from lifting fire hoses, and from falls not related to the fire or explosion itself, such as falls in the parking lot of a burning building, are also excluded from this category.

Injuries resulting from direct contact with a flame from a controlled heat source, such as from stove tops, ovens, burners, and grills are excluded from this category and coded in 533, Contact with hot objects or substances, unless the fire becomes out of control. Small scale fires are those which burn in an isolated location but do not spread to consume a building. Examples include fires in trash cans, frayed wires, cooking fires, and curtains that catch fire. Arc flashes (or burns from electrical arc flashes) are typically found in event 511*, Direct exposure to electricity. However, injuries resulting from a building fire that resulted from an arc flash would be coded in major group 31*, Fires. Demolition or blasting explosion (code 324) includes detonations used to implode buildings or blast mines and quarries with dynamite. Mining explosions from gases or vapors belong in 322.

For fires and explosions occurring in a single event, code the one that happened first. If the first event is unknown, defer to fires.

Falls, slips, trips include falls on the same level, falls and jumps to lower levels, falls and jumps that were curtailed by a personal arrest device, and slips and trips that do not result in a fall. The division also includes other nontransport-related falls resulting in drowning or other nonimpact injuries.

The order of precedence is reflected in the order of codes. Falls while on a vehicle in normal operation are considered Transportation incidents (Division 2); parachute jumps are also considered transportation incidents. Falls from vehicles that are not in normal transport operation are coded under Falls, slips, trips. Falls from a seated position are Fall on same level, while falls that occur while the worker is standing on a chair are considered Fall to lower level. Falls through a non-structural surface, such as ice, are to be listed in Fall through surface.

Slips or trips without falling are included in the Falls, slips, trips division. A trip is differentiated from a slip by the existence of a foreign object over which the injured worker stumbled. Slips are generally on flat, smooth, or slippery surfaces; trips occur when the injured worker makes contact with an uneven surface or an obstruction, such as a curb or box.

Fall to lower level applies to instances in which the injury was produced by impact between the injured person and another surface of lower elevation, the motion producing the contact being that of the person, under the following circumstances:

-the motion of the person and the force of impact were generated by gravity, and

-the point of contact with the source of injury was lower than the surface supporting the person at the inception of the fall.

Cases in which the worker was injured while stepping to a lower level (such as, off a ladder, out of a vehicle, or off a curb) and there is no indication of forcible contact from a fall (such as a fracture or a bruise) or other incident, (such as falling into a body of water or falling against a hot stove) should be coded in 73*, Other exertions or bodily reactions. Injuries sustained as a result of the employee jumping from an elevation should be coded in major group 44*, Jumps to lower level.

Falls through an opening in the floor that already existed (such as an attic trap door opening) or through a work surface are coded as 432*, Fall through surface or existing opening. If a floor surface or structure collapses causing the worker to fall or jump, the fall is coded as 431* or 441*.

Falls from ground level to lower level, such as storm drains or sewers, are included in 433*, Other fall to lower level.

Codes in this division apply to cases in which the injury or illness resulted from a condition or substance in the work environment. Excluded from this category are exposures resulting from violence and other injuries by persons or animals, transportation incidents, and fires and explosions.

Codes in this division apply to injuries produced by contact between the injured person and the source of injury, except when the contact was due to a fall, transportation incident, fire or explosion, or assault or violent act. Workers injured from contact with other persons, animals, or weapons regardless of intent are also excluded from this category.

Codes in this division apply to cases, usually non-impact, in which injury or illness resulted from free bodily motion, from excessive physical effort, from repetition of a bodily motion, from the assumption of an unnatural position, or from remaining in the same position over a period of time.